Field trials were carried out with compounded

feed at a shrimp farm adopted by CMFRI

under its extension programme at South

Chellanam, Cochin. The coconut grove pond

aggregating around 10 cents of water area having

a depth of about 1 metre was stocked with 3,000

Nos of P.indicus seed

Sridhar, Manpal

Srinath, Krishna

Suresh, V

Vijayagopal, P

CMFRI Digital Repository

ISSN 0254-380 X VICE No. 123 • . • # . * 4 v«\* ^ >" Ml • I K OCTOBER 1993 w tTSfS^t f t l * * * T O T TECHNICAL AND ffcrertu: 3f«»rac^t EXTENSION SERIES % ^ ) < T H q j t TltfcWcbl CENTRAL MARINE FISHERIES wjirara w r a w RESEARCH INSTITUTE g&fxOT, ¥IRcT COCHIN, INDIA INDIAN COUNCIL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH FIELD TRIALS WITH COMPOUNDED FEED DEVELOPED BY C. M. F. R. I. FOR P. INDICUS Manpal Sanhotra, P. Vijayagopal, V. Suresh and Krishna Srinath Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Cohin - 682 014 Introduction The Central Marine Fisheries Research Insitute, for the past few years has been engaged in the evolvement of feed formulations for the culture of P. indicus. Voluminous data is present regarding the performance of these feeds under laboratory conditions but their performance under field conditions remained unknown. The present study was therefore, taken up under the institute's extension programme to understand under research conditions the relative cost effectiveness of growing P. indicus in small ponds in monoculture using compounded feed. The study was carried out with the following specific objectives : 1. Maximum use of indigenous raw materials for feed making. 2. The feed formulation should be for use in semi-intensive culture of P. indicus under farming systems traditionally evolved and practiced by small fish farmers. 3. Feed to be water stable and capable of production using household machinery, preferably at the farm site. 4. Evaluat ion of shr imp growth and performance using the pelleted feed without fertilizers. 5. An economic evaluation of shrimp produc-tion with reference to the feed. The results of the trial are excepted to throw TABLE 2. Proximate composition of the feed raw materials some light on the potentialities of indigenous feeds in shrimp culture. The study Field trials were carried out with com-pounded feed at a shrimp farm adopted by CMFRI under its extension programme at South Chellanam, Cochin. The coconut grove pond aggregating around 10 cents of water area having a depth of about 1 metre was stocked with 3,000 Nos of P.indicus seed. Since the collection was from the wild there was wide variation in the initial length & weight of the animals. The average length and weight at stocking were 6.0 mm and 6.9 mg respectively. The feed was manufactured in the C.M.F.R.I. nutrition labora-tory according to the specifications given in Tables 1, 2 and 3. The same feed was given in the semi-intensive culture of P.indicus from the post-larval to the marketable stage. The feed was not fortified with minerals and vitamins. TABLE 1. Formulation of the feed used for the farm trial Raw material Fish meal Prawn head waste Groundnut oil cake Squid waste Soya flour Oil* Tapioca powder Total % incorporation 10 20 15 10 10 06 29 100 *A combination of % crude sardine oil and 3% Soya oil. Ingredients Dry matter Crude protein Ether extract Crude fibre Ash NFE Fish meal Prawn head meal Soya flour Squid waste Tapioca Groundnut oil cake 90.00 91.00 89.00 83.72 93.36 92.00 49.40 38.10 45.00 69.23 02.00 49.00 2.80 6.60 1.25 6.92 1.25 1.30 04.20 14.10 07.60 — 02.85 09.20 16.20 23.90 05.20 02.40 01.71 05.60 27.40 17.30 40.95 21.45 92.19 34.90 NFE '(Nitrogen Free Extract) - calculated by difference. 12 TABLE 3. Chemical composition of the compounded feed Dry matter Crude protein Ether extract Crude fibre Ash NFE* Calcium Phosphorus (available) 93.86 34.80 6.42 3.00 13.12 42.66 2.10 0.92 &• ^ NFE* Nitrogen Free Extract - Calculated by difference. The ingredients were thoroughly homog-enised after pulverising. Tapioca powder was gelatinized and rest of the ingredients were blended with sufficient water to form a soft dough which w a s ext ruded th rough a h a n d operated mincer to m a k e into 3 m m diameter s t r ands . After thorough s u n drying the feed was stored a t room tempera ture in a i r t ight polyethylene bags . Feeding was initiated a t the ra te of 25 per cent of body weight. Fortnightly samples were taken and feeding ra te adjusted accordingly so t h a t towards the end of the experiment the an imals Fig. 2. Manual mixing of the pre-weighed powdered feed ingre-dients in a plastic trough. were fed a t 5 per cent of the body weight. The enviormental pa ramete r s were also monitored th roughout t he experimental period. The cul tured sh r imps were harvested after a 90 day growth period on 3rd April 1993. The main findings from the harves t da t a are a s follows (Table 4). TABLE 4. Shrimp performance data from the feeding trial with C. P. Culture period Pond size Stocking density Survival % Total yield (kg) Average daily live weight gain* ** AFCR (Apparent Feed Conversion Ratio) 90 days(30-12-92 to 3-4-93 404.68 m2 or 10 cents 3000 animals 98% 30.0 0.101 g 0.90:1 Fig. 1. Grinding of the dry feed ingredients is carried out by the help of a laboratory model pulverizer. * Average daily live weight gain was calculated from sample data at harvest. ** AFCR - Feed intake/Weight gain. Nutritional performance 1. The feeding of sh r imp in th is experiment w a s en t rus ted with t he fanner a n d the resul tant product ion was 3 0 kg from a n input of 27 kg of feed over a 9 0 day grow-out period. The AFCR (Apparent Feed 13 Fig. 3. The feed made into a dough and steamed is made into strands by extruding through a mincer. Conversion Ratio) was 0.9 : 1, implying that 0.9 kg of the compounded feed yielded one kg of shrimp. This clearly depicted the good quality of the feed in terms of its conversion ratio, and the AFCR of less than one was attributed to some of the inherent difficul-ties in conducting the trials viz. i) Errors in the assessment of sur-vival rates of shrimp during grow out period. ii) Subsequent errors in calculation of feeding rates. iii) Intermittent under-feeding periods (due to deterioration of water qual-ity caused by oxygen depletion) iv) Natural food availability in the culture system which could not be quantified. 2. A very high survival rate of 98% was obtained. 3. Animals were healthy throughout the grow-ing period and no diseased condition was observed. Envionnental impact 1. Wide fluctuations were observed in dissolved oxygen levels in the pond throughout the feeding trial. During February the very low oxygen level (1.5 ml/1) and extremely high rates Fig. 4. The extruded strands of feed kept for sun drying. of photosynthetic production indicated over fertilization of the pond due to supply of artificial feed. The high photosynthetic activity replen-ished the water with increase in oxygen value in a week's time. Excess feeding by organic/ inorganic ingredients created eutrophication, resulting in O2 depletion in the system. This increased the physiologic stress and affected growth of prawns and hence feed supply at that stage was regulated to improve the water quantity, optimum primary productivity and normal O2 level in the pond to promote the growth of shrimp. However, the dissolved oxygen levels of the pond water rarely exceeded 6 ml/1 throughout the experiment. 2. Salinity ranged from 4.81 ppt at the start of the feeding trial to 18 ppt towards the end of March and did not seem to affect the growth of shrimp. 3. pH of water in the pond ranged from 7.20 at the start of the experiment to 8.5 towards the end of the experiment. 4. The use of a sluice gate at the pond entrance from the main canal prevented the entry of the prawn and fish from the wild and the shrimps in the pond was protected. Financial appraisal Various economic efficiency measures were worked out on the basis of cost and earnings data and are given in Table 5. 14 TABLE 5. Economics of compounded feed used in the study Item Expenditure on feed (Rs.) 386.00 Total feed production (kg) 27.00 Unit cost of feed (Rs.) 14.40 Total shrimp yield (kg) 30.00 Value of the yield (Rs.)* 1762.00 Apparent feed conversion* efficiency 1.12 Returns to feed in terms of money (Rs.) 4.51 Returns to feed (Total revenue minus costs other than feed divided by number of kilograms of feed) 42.80 * Conversion efficiency = Weight gain/Feed intake. The feed proved highly efficient in terms of production and profitability. The price of one kilogram of feed worked out to Rs. 14.40 and a feed conversion efficiency of 1.12 implies that with an expenditure of Rs. 14.40 there was an increase in income by Rs.42.80. Conclusion The results of the study indicate that contrary to present belief, feeds of high nutrient specifications fortified with minerals and vita-mins are not required for feeding shrimp under the prevailing culture practices. However, in order to reduce pond pollution and feed wastage and to maximize feed ingestion, it is essential that feeds be prepared in water stable forms (in this study tapioca was used because of its local availability, low price and effectiveness as binder). The potential lower nutrient requirement for shrimp feeds for use in small-scale shrimp culture should enable the production of feeds at a competitively low price at the farm site itself using household machinery. The authors thank Mr. K. K. P. Panicker for economic evaluation of the data and Dr. V. K. Pillai and Mr. G. S. Daniel Selvaraj for assistance in monitoring of the envtormental parameters. The technical services rendered by Mrs. K. P. Salini and Mr. A. M. Mohanan are gratefully acknowledged. 15 

Field trials with compounded feed developed

by C M F R I for Penaeus indicus

http://eprints.cmfri.org.in/3501/1/Article_06.pdf

Field trials with compounded feed developed by C M F R I for Penaeus indicus

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