Mangrove vegetation includes plants ranging from
herbs, shrubs to tall trees. In favourable conditions
the mangrove trees can form dense forests in intertidal
habitats. However; only a few species form a massive
canopy.
The main characteristic features of these special
type of plants are the tidal amplitude, defined by the
species, and their ability to tolerate high salinity and
stress. The majority of the plant groups have
adaptations like prop and stilt roots for fixing support
and the pneumatophores otherwise called the
breathing roots for exchanging gases and the
viviparous germination. In addition to these, the
plants have leathery, dark, ever green leaves with
deeply embeded stomata and aquous tissues
