The Marine Biological Association of India, Cochin
Abstract
The paper describes a brief history of the Arab navigation based on the original
Arabic sources from the 9th century onwards. The old literature indicates that the
Arabs had a good knowledge of the wind-directions, currents and tides. They also
knew the most favourable seasons for sailing from the different ports. The Arabs described the
reversing currents in the North Indian Ocean and made several interesting
observations on bioluminescence, discoloration of sea water, etc. They also made
references on the light houses at the entrance of Persian Gulf and on the eddies,
ascending currents and cyclonic winds.
Arab navigation in the Indian Ocean had deep connections with the Indian and
Persian nautical traditions. These probably dates back to the first century when the
Sanskrit " Jataka Mala " ( maritime code ) was written. The highly cultivated knowledge
of the Arabs on nautical matters could be attributed to their knowledge of the
stars, their eagerness to undertake extensive voyages and their desire to translate the
relevant works in other languages into Arabic. The impact of nautical traditions of the
Arabs on the Portuguese and Turkish navigations has been of considerable value