The Marine fish landing details during the period 1981-1985 for Madras is presented in this article.   Kasimode centre, the only base where the mechanised boats as well as country crafts were in use was used for preparing the fish calandar. Catch details of other miscellaneous groups like catfish, Polynemus, Chirocentrus and crustaceans and cephalopods are not incorporated in this calendar.  The monthwise pooled CPUE of trawlers, mechanised gill nets and indigenous gears and the monthwise species composition of fish groups are illustrated

Chandrasekhar, S

Gnanamuttu, J C

Ramadoss, P

Ramamurthy, S

Vivekanandan, E

CMFRI Digital Repository

NFORMATION SERVICE MARINE FISH CALENDAR VII. MADRAS* S. Ramamurthy, J. C. Gnanamuthu, £. Vivekanandan, P. Ramadoss and S. Chandrasekhar Madras Research Centre of CMFRI, Madras Introduction Madras is an important fish landing centre in the east coast. More than 500 trawlers operate from Kasimode centre at Madras, which land about 6,000 tonnes annually. The mechanised gill nets yield about 120 t and the indigenous gears like gill net, bag net and hooks and line bring about 200 t annually. In addi-tion to this, the city has several landing centres from where indigenous gears are operated. For the purpose of preparing the marine fish calendar for Madras, the landing details of the Kasimode centre, which is the only base supporting mechanised boats as well as country crafts were analysed for 1981-'85. The estimated data on fish groups for which catch details and certain biological information are available are utilized for the preparation of this calendar. The catch details of other miscellaneous groups like catfish, Polynemus, Chirocentrus and crustaceans and cephalo-pods are not incorporated in this calendar. The month-wise pooled CPUE of trawlers, mechanised gill nets and indigenous gears and the monthwise species com-position of fish groups are illustrated. In the trawl catch, threadfin bream ranks first with an annual catch of 760.5 t forming 12.5%, followed by silver belly, anchovy, croaker and lizard fish. There are no significant variations in the CPUE of threadfin bream throughout the year except during the monsoon period of November and December, when the CPUE is low. In fact, the CPUE of many fishes is low during November and December. Despite cyclonic condi-tions that prevail during these two months, there is no reduction in the number of fishing operations at Kasi-mode. Based on the monthwise analysis of CPUE of trawlers, the different fish groups can be categorised * Consolidated by N. Gopinatha Menon and K. Balachandran, CMFRI, Cochin. into three: (a) those whose CPUE does not fluctuate very much throughout the year barring the low values during November and December, e.g. sole and flat fish, Thryssa, seer fish, pomfret, goat fish, silver belly, ray and shark; (b) fishes whose CPUE is comparatively higher in certain months, e.g. carangid (September), anchovy (April), grunters (March), skate (November-March), threadfin bream (August and September), sciaenid (November - March) and lizard fish (April -August) and (c) fishes which have a definite peak period of abundance every year, e.g. barracuda (September), mackerel (July), drift fishes (August and March), caran-gids (March), Gerridae (July and August) and ribbon fish (November). They are insignificant at other times of the year. From Kasimode, about 2,500 mechanised gill net operations are conducted annually in addition to 37,300 operations by non-mechanised gill nets, 1,16,000 operations by bag nets and 37,200 operations by hooks and lines. The landings of mechanised gill nets are constituted mainly by seer fish (44.2 %) and shark (16.7%) and those of indigenous gears by lesser sar-dine (28 %) (landed mainly by a specialised gill net known 72° \ .i \ "'^  \ 1 \ ) i 76° •••••7 MADRAS 80° 84° 88° 92° 20° 16° I2« 8° locally as 'Kavala valai'), mackerel and Hilsa (17.5% each (mainly by bag nets). The CPUE of most of the fishes is very low during November and December as in the case of trawlers. The CPUE of shark (May), tuna (November), seer fish (February and March), sail fish (June and February) and carangid (August and January) from mechanised gill net is higher during the months indicated in parentheses. In the non-mechanised gears, the CPUE of lesser sardine is almost uniform throughout the year and that of shark (September), Thryssa (March), mullet (May - July), mackerel (August and March), perch (August) and carangid (August) is higher during the months indicated in parentheses. The CPUE of Hilsa is very high during March and meagre during other months. Fishes such as seer fish, shark and carangid are landed by all the three types of gears, viz., trawl net, mechanised gill net and indigenous gears. An interesting aspect is that the peak period of landing of these groups is different for different gears. For instance, for seer fish the maximum CPUE of mechanised gill net is during March, whereas the CPUE of trawlers and indigenous gears (mainly hooks and line) is very low in this month and high in September and August. This may be due to differences in the fishing area and depth and intensity of operations of these gears during different months of the year. Monthwise species composition is available for six fish groups. Threadfin bream fishery, which is consti-tuted by five species, is dominated by Nemipterus japoni-cus (53.0%). Silver belly and sciaenid fishery is formed by more than a dozen species each. Stolephoms bata-viensis, Thryssa dussumieri and Sardinella gibbosa consti-tute the major species of anchovy, dussumier's anchovy and lesser sardine groups respectively. The biological information collected on the six fish groups reveal that they spawn either during December - April or June -September. CARANGIDAE A S 0 N 0 J F MONTHS Fig. 1. Seasonal abundance of carangids in trawl catch. A s 0 N MONTHS Fig. 2. Seasonal abundance of carangids in gill net catch. J A S O N O J F M MONTHS Fig. 3. Seasonal abundance of carangids in indigenous gear catch. CLUPEIDAE Popular English Name Vernacular Name (Tamil) Annual average catch Percentage in total catch Fishing methods and their contribution Sardine/Lesser sardines 'Kavalai'/'Choodai'/ 'Sudai' 73.51 Gill net : 28.0% Bag net : 8.8% Popular English Name Vernacular Name (Tamil) Annual average catch Percentage in total catch Fishing methods and their contribution Trevally/Scad 'Parai' 247.31 Trawl net Gill net Hooks & line : 37.0% : 4.7% : 13.1% 20 •5.10 uj 0 o (0 20 * M J J A S O N D J F M MONTHS Fig. 4. Seasonal abundance ofclupeids in indigenous gear catch. 1 I SordinellQ qibbosa V^ S. sirm 5.. iail ^. fimbriotg UJ 100 90 80 ^60 UJ " 5 0 K UJ 30 20 10 0 Fig. 5, 90 - 2 5 -It u 25 ^ A 5 0 M O N T H S I 1 Monthly species composition of clupeids in gill net catch. 50 M J A S O N D J F M MONTHS Fig. 6. Seasonal abundance of Hilsa in indigenous gear catch. I I I I tIS I t 17 I t COSMOS J!!i!i'liiiiiailmiliiii.'i|i|ii 'li .ilii.iliinliiiiluiiliiiili il. mi i.!iiiiiiiii 'ii'm iliiiiiiliiltii)iiiiilM3MiluiWiiiAiii.'.,'i. .1 Fig. 7. Sardinella gibbosa. Scientific Name Vernacular Name Gear Percentage in the catch of the group Peak period of occurrence Depth of occurrence Sardinella gibbosa 'Kavalai' Trawl net 80.9 Oct. to Jan. Upto 20 m Length range in commercial fishery Size at first maturity Spawning season 120-130 mm Jan.-Apr. CYNOGLOSSIDAE, SOLEIDAE, PLEURONECTIDAE AND BOTHIDAE Popular English Name Vernacular Name (Tamil) Annual average catch Percentage in total catch Fishing methods and their contribution 2 • Flat fishes/Soles/ Flounders 'Aral'/'Nakkumeen' 34.31 Trawl net : 0.6% 2 -A M J J A S O N D J F M MONTHS Fig. 8. Seasonal abundance of flat fishes in trawl catch. ELASMOBRANCHS Popular English Name Vernacular Name (Tamil) Annual average catch Percisntage in total catch Fishing methods and their contribution Sharks/Skates/Rays : 'Sura'/'Thirukkai' : 167.01 : — : Trawl net Gill net Hooks & line : 2.2% : 16.7% : 6.6% S O N MONTHS Fig. 9. Seasonal abundance of sharks in gill net catch. "• 2 ' o . A M J J A S O N D J F M MONTHS Fig. 10. Seasonal abundance of sharks in trawl catch. M J J A S O N O J MONTHS Seasonal abundance of sharks in indigenous gear catch. S O N MONTHS Fig. 12. Seasonal abundance of rays in trawl catch. &ONT°HS N 0 J F M Fig. 13. Seasonal abundance of skates in trawl catch. ENGRAULIDAE Popular English Name Vernacular Name (Tamil) Annual average catch Percentage in total catch Fishing methods and their contribution Anchovy/Thryssa 'Poruva'/'Nethal'/ 'Nethili' 370.61 7.6 Trawl net : 6.1 % Gill net : 2.6 % A M J J A S O N D J F M MONTHS Fig. 14. Seasonal abundance of Thryssa in trawl catch. A M J J A S O N D J F M MONTHS Fig. 15. Seasonal abundance of Thryssa in indigenous gear catch. 4 I j Thryssq dussumieri ^ T.mvstax r. molabari S& T- setirostris 100 90 80 70 60 50 • 40 30 20 10 1 i i ^ J A S O N M O N T H S V^ Fig. 16. Monthly species composition of Thryssa in trawl catch. Fig. 17. Seasonal abundance of anchovy in trawl catch. I I Stolephorus commersonii S' devisi lOOr 90 601-< • - 6 0 z UJ50 u uj 40 a. 30 20 10 0 I I I I I i I I i I I I i i i S. bnlQtflwgis S. indieus I i J A S 0 M O N T H S m i 1 I I Fig. 18. Monthly species composition of anchovies in trawl catch. Fig. 19. Stolephonis bataviensis. Scientific Name Vernacular Name Gear Percentage in the catch of the group Peak period of occurrence Depth of occurrence Length range in commercial fishery Size at first maturity Spawning season Stolephorus bataviensis 'Nethili' Trawl net 44.0 Jul. and Oct. Upto30m 70-90 mm Jun. - Sep. GERRIDAE Popular English Name Vernacular Name (Tamil) Annual average catch Percentage in total catch Fishing methods and their contribution Silver biddies 'Oodan' 120.2t Trawl net : 2.0 M N J fl S 0 MONTHS Fig. 20. Seasonal abundance of silver biddies in trawl catch. ISTIOPHORIDAE Popular English Name Vernacular Name (Tamil) Annual average catch Percentage in total catch Fishing methods and their contribution Sail fish/Bill fish 'Myl meen' 6.5 t Gill net : 6.5' S O N M O N T H S Fig. 21. Seasonal abundance of sail fish in gill net catch. LEIOGNATHIDAE Popular English Name Vernacular Name (Tamil) Annual average catch Peicentage in total catch Fishing methods and their contribution 30 r 9.15 2£ 0 -15 30 Silver belly 'Karal' 600.1 t 9.9 Trawl net 10.0% A Fig. A S 0 N 0 J MONTHS 22. Seasonal abundance of silver bellies in trawl catch. M CZl Le'Qjjnathus dussumreri ^ ^ L. splendens ^ LbinduB ^ L. berbis ES3 L-foscigtus 100 90 80 70 UJ LO < 60 ^ 5o^ UJ (J a: *0 UJ a. 30 20 10 0 i I ^ i i I I LIU L- SE. S -L • elfiogslus. I H L smithursti FFI Secutor insidicitor E H L leusiscus g§ S-Oir^mi^ 113 L. dourg S Gazzo minute. 1 G-QChlam<5 i i Fig. 23. Monthly species catch. J F M composition of silver bellies in trawl A S 0 N M O N T H S MUGILIDAE Fig. 24. Leiognathus bindus. Scientific Name Vernacular Name Gear Percentage in the catch of the group Peak period of occurrence Depth of occurrence Length range in commercial fishery Size at first maturity Spawning season Leiognathus bindus 'Karar Trawl net 30.9 Feb. - May 15-40m 60-90 mm 87 mm Dec. - Apr. and Jun.-Sep. Fig. 25. Seciitor insidiator. Scientific Name Vernacular Name Gear Percentage in the catch of the group Peak period of occurrence Depth of occurrence Length range in commercial fishery Size at first maturity Secutor insidiator 'Karal' Trawl net : 27.8 : September : 15-40 m : 60-90mm : Dec.-Apr. and Jun. - Sep. Popular English Name Vernacular Name (Tamil) Annual average catch Percentage in total catch Fishing methods and their contribution Grey mullets 'Manalai'/'Madavai' 14.6t Bag net : 14.6% MULLIDAE Popular English Name Vernacular Name Annual average catch Percentage in total catch Fishing methods and their contribution Goat fish/Red mullet 'Sennagari' 145.31 Trawl net : 2.4' S O N MONTHS Fig. 26. Seasonal abundance of grey mullets in indigenous gear catch. A M J J A S 0 MONTHS Fig. 27. Seasonal abundance of goat fishes in trawl catch. NEMIPTERIDAE Popular Enghsh Name Vernacular Name (Tamil) Annual average catch Percentage in total catch Fishing methods and their contribution Threadfin bream 'Sankara' 760.51 12.5 Trawl net 12.7% A M J J A S O N O J F M Fig. 28. Seasonal abundance of threadfin breams in trawl catch. i ^ tj-mtaagfiai ^ N.-to!it 100 90 90 70 50 UJ 2^ 50 < o (T ui 30 Q. 20 'Q 0 i ^ I I iiliil.lulffia NOMEIDAE M J J A S 0 rj D M O N T H S Fig. 29. Monthly species composition of threadfin breams in trawl catch. Fig. 30. Nemipterus japonicus. Scientific Name Vernacular Name Gear Percentage in the catch of the group Peak period of occurrence Depth of occurrence Length range in commercial fishery Size at first maturity Spawning season Nemipterus japonicus 'Sankara' Trawl net 53.0 Jul.-Aug. 15-40m 130-150mm 145 mm Dec. - Mar. Popular English Name Vernacular Name (Tamil) Annual average catch Percentage in total catch Fishing methods and their contribution Drift fish/Butter fish 48.4t Trawl net : 0.8% POMADASYIDAE Popular English Name Vernacular Name (Tamil) Annual average catch Percentage in total catch Fishing methods and their contribution Grunter 'Kullukorake'/ 'Kurumatti'/'Curutche' 38.9t Trawl net : 0.6 % Fig. 31. Seasonal abundance of grunters in trawl catch. SCIAENIDAE Popular English Name Vernacular Name (Tamil) Annual average catch Percentage in total catch Fishing methods and their contribution ZOr Croaker 'Kathalai' 346.61 5.7 Trawl net : 5.8% Fig. 32. Seasonal abundance of sciaenids in trawl catch. • Johnius corutto ^ i - sina SH] Pseudosciaena diacorthm Pennohto aneus IEi[|l Nibeq macula la I ^ Chrysochir g^ryus Otolithus grgefjijeus E l J. vqgleri ^ S A1robuc,c,Q nitx A- belenggri liH] ^- dussumieri l ^ 2: macrortiynus Kothalq gxiHans t^*| Q- ruber F-^ jQ- cuviyi i ^ l i I i sill ts A M J J A S O N D J F M M O N T H S Fig. 33. Monthly species composition of sciaenids in trawl catch. Fig. 34. Johnius carutta. Scientific Name Vernacular Name Gear Percentage in the catch of the group Peak period of occurrence Depth of occurrence Length range in commercial fishery Size at first maturity Spawning season S C O M B R I D J Popular English Name Vernacular Name (Tamil) Johnius carutta 'Kathalai' Trawl net 25.5 Jan.-Feb. : ]5-40m • 130-150mm : 140mm : Jun.-Jul. \E Mackerel/Tunas/ Seer fishes 'Kumla'/ 'Kannangeluthi'/ 'Churai'/'Seela Vanjiram' Annual average catch Percentage in total catch Fishing methods and their contribution 111.6t Trawl net Gill net Hooks & line Bag net : 19.4% : 52.8% : 4.6% : 17.5% 6 -iiJ O U .. - ^ ^ _ _ _ A S O N D MONTHS A M J J Fig. 35. Seasonal abundance of mackerel in trawl catch. 10 r s 0 N 0 MONTHS Fig. 36. Seasonal abundance of mackerel in indigenous gear catch. Fig. 37 Seasonal abundance of seer fish in trawl catch. Fig. 38. Seasonal abundance of seer fish in gill net catch. A M J J A S O N O J F M MONTHS Fig. 39. Seasonal abundance of seer fish in indigenous gear catch. S O N MONTHS Fig. 40. Seasonal abundance of tuna in gill net catch. SPHYRAENIDAE Popular English Name Vernacular Name (Tamil) Annual average catch Percentage in total catch Fishing methods and their contribution Barracuda 'Ooli' 43.41 Trawl net : 0.7% A S 0 N MONTHS Fig. 41. Seasonal abundance of barracuda in trawl catch. STROMATEIDAE Popular English Name Vernacular Name (Tamil) Annual average catch Percentage in total catch Fishing methods and their contribution Pomfrets 'Vavval' 19.5t — Trawl net Gill net : 0.3% : 1.3% A M J J A S O N O i l F M MONTHS Fig. 42. Seasonal abundance of pomfrets in trawl catch. M J J A S O N D J F M MONTHS Fig. 43. Seasonal abundance of pomfrets in gill net catch. SYNODONTIDAE Popular English Name Vernacular Name (Tamil) Annual average catch Percentage in total catch Fishing methods and their contribution Lizard fish 'OoloowayV 'Coolooway' 330.61 Trawl net : 5.4% J A S O N O J F I MONTHS Fig. 44.i, Seasonal abundance of lizard fish in trawl catch. TRICHIURIDAE Popular English Name Vernaculai Name (Tamil) Annual average catch Percentage in total catch Fishing methods and their contribution Ribbon fish 'Savali'/'ChavalaiV 'Olavalai' 221.0 t Trawl net : 2.0% A M J J A S O N O J F M MONTHS Fig. 45. Seasonal abundance of ribbon fishes in trawl catch. 

Marine fish calendar. VII. Madras

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Marine fish calendar. VII. Madras

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