Bannink, A.

Blok, M.C.

Cone, J.W.

Dijkstra, J.

Duinkerken, G., van

Tamminga, S.

Vuuren, A.M., van

English

Wageningen Yield 

Assessment of the DVE/OEB system for protein evaluation in ruminants 
 
G. van Duinkerken1, A. Bannink1, M.C. Blok2, J.W. Cone3, J. Dijkstra3, S. Tamminga3 and A.M. van 
Vuuren1 
 
1Wageningen UR Livestock Research, Edelhertweg 15, 8219 PH Lelystad, The Netherlands 
2Product Board Animal Nutrition, Stadhoudersplantsoen 12, 2517 JL The Hague, The Netherlands 
3Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University, Marijkeweg 40, 6709 PG Wageningen, The 
Netherlands 
 
Introduction 
 
The DVE/OEB2010 system (Van Duinkerken et al., 2011) for protein evaluation in ruminants is an 
update of the DVE/OEB1994 system (Tamminga et al., 1994). In the DVE/OEB2010 system more detail 
and differentiation is included concerning representation of chemical components in feed, rumen 
degradation characteristics of these components, efficiency of microbial protein synthesis and the 
fractional passage rates. Both systems were assessed for their ability to predict milk protein 
yield (MiP).  
 
Material and Methods 
 
A meta-analysis was performed to compare observed and predicted values for MiP, based on 39 
treatment means originating from 7 experiments with a total of 310 dairy cows involved. Experiments 
are described in detail by Van Duinkerken et al. (2008). The prediction of MiP from DVE available 
for MiP was based on Subnel et al. (1994). For the DVE/OEB1994 system and the DVE/OEB2010 
system, the amount of DVE available for MiP (g/d) was calculated (DVE1994MiP and DVE2010MiP, 
respectively). DVE1994MiP was calculated as the difference between the DVE1994 intake and  the DVE 
requirements for maintenance, gestation, deposition (Tamminga et al., 1994) and juvenile growth 
(CVB, 2007), increased with the DVE available from body protein mobilization (Tamminga et al., 
1994). DVE2010MiP was calculated as the difference between DVE2010 intake and the DVE 
requirements for maintenance, gestation (Van Duinkerken et al., 2011) and juvenile growth (CVB, 
2007). An additional scenario was studied, viz. an adapted approach for calculation of DVE2010 
available for MiP, applying the corrections for body protein balance originating from the 
DVE/OEB1994 system. Furthermore, an additional scenario was evaluated by assuming that for 
situations with OEB < 0 g/d (occurring in 5 out of the 7 experiments), the DVE intake is decreased 
with 0.65 g DVE/g OEB below zero. The mean squared prediction error (MSPE) was calculated and 
decomposed into errors in central tendency (ECT), errors due to deviation of the regression slope 
from unity (ER), and errors due to the disturbances or random variation (ED), all according to Bibby 
& Toutenburg (1977). The square root of MSPE was calculated and expressed as a fraction of the 
observed mean.  
 
Results and Discussion 
 
The observed versus predicted MiP is displayed in Figure 1, whereas the MSPE and its decomposition 
for all six studied scenarios are given in Table 1. The lowest MSPE was found for the DVE/OEB1994 
system after correction for negative OEB. Correction for negative OEB reduced the MSPE for both 
systems. The MSPE for the DVE/OEB2010 system was further reduced when, on top of the correction 
for negative OEB, a correction for body protein balance was taken into account. For the DVE/OEB1994 
system, the ECT forms the largest contribution to the MSPE (larger than the contribution of ER and 
ED), whereas for the other five scenarios the ER is the main component of the MSPE, indicating that 
the prediction accuracy is deviating depending on the MiP level. It should be considered that the 
DVE/OEB system as such is not a “response system”, meaning that it is not designed to predict MiP, 
but to determine protein requirements. If energy or specific nutrients other than ileal digestible protein 
are limiting milk protein synthesis, than MiP will tend to be over predicted by the DVE/OEB system. 
  
Figure 1. Observed versus predicted milk protein yield (MiP) according to (1) the DVE/OEB1994 
system (basis 1994; Tamminga et al., 1994), (2) the DVE/OEB1994 system corrected for negative 
OEB, (3) the DVE/OEB2010 system (Van Duinkerken et al., 2011), (4) the DVE/OEB2010 system 
corrected for negative OEB, (5) the DVE/OEB2010 system corrected for body protein balance and (6) 
the DVE/OEB2010 system corrected for both negative OEB and body protein balance. 
 
Table 1. Mean square prediction error (MSPE), square root of MSPE (rMSPE), and decomposition of 
MSPE into errors in central tendency (ECT), errors due to deviations in regression slope (ER), errors 
due to disturbances (ED) and r2 for predictions of milk protein yield (MiP) using the (1) DVE/OEB1994 
system (Tamminga et al., 1994), (2) DVE/OEB1994 system corrected for negative OEB, (3) 
DVE/OEB2010 system (Van Duinkerken et al., 2011), (4) DVE/OEB2010 system corrected for negative 
OEB, (5) DVE/OEB2010 system corrected for body protein balance and (6) DVE/OEB2010 system 
corrected for both negative OEB and body protein balance.  
System 1 2 3 4 5 6 
MSPE (g/d) 5408 3217 9476 6829 8419 5772 
rMSPE (fraction of mean observed) 0.066 0.051 0.087 0.074 0.082 0.068 
ECT (fraction of MSPE) 0.43 0.16 0.22 0.09 0.37 0.21 
ER (fraction of MSPE) 0.20 0.40 0.49 0.59 0.41 0.55 
ED (fraction of MSPE) 0.38 0.44 0.29 0.32 0.22 0.24 
r2 0.77 0.84 0.70 0.76 0.80 0.85 
 
References 
 
Bibby, J. & Toutenburg, H. (1997). Prediction and improved estimation in linear models. Chichester, 
United Kingdom: John Wiley & Sons. 188 pp. 
CVB (2007). CVB tables ruminants 2007. Lelystad, The Netherlands: Centraal Veevoeder Bureau. 
Subnel, A.P.J., Meijer, R.G.M., Van Straalen, W.M. & Tamminga, S. (1994). Efficiency of milk 
protein production in the DVE protein evaluation system. Livest. Prod. Sci. 40, 215-224. 
Tamminga, S., van Straalen, W.M., Subnel, A.P.J., Meijer, R.G.M., Steg, A., Wever, C.J.G. & Blok, 
M.C. (1994). The Dutch protein evaluation system: The DVE\OEB system. Livest. Prod. Sci. 40, 
139-155. 
Van Duinkerken, G., Bakker, J., Blok, M.C., Brandsma, G.G., Cone, J.W., Klop, A., Remmelink, 
G.J., Van Vuuren, A.M. & Zom, R.L.G. (2008). Synchronization of rumen fermentation: testing 
in feeding experiments. Lelystad, The Netherlands: Animal Sciences Group, Report 30. 
Van Duinkerken, G., Blok, M. C., Bannink, A., Cone, J. W., Dijkstra, J., Van Vuuren, A. M. & 
Tamminga, S. (2011). Update of the Dutch protein evaluation system for ruminants: the 
DVE/OEB2010 system. Journal of Agricultural Science. Published online: 19 November 2010. 
DOI:10.1017/S0021859610000912. 
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M
iP
 
pr
ed
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d 
(g/
d)
MiP observed (g/d)
1994 (basis)
1994 (basis corrected for negative
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2010 (basis)
2010 (basis corrected for negative
OEB)
2010 (corrected for body protein
balance)
2010 (corrected for negative OEB
and body protein balance)
y = x


CVB tables ruminants 2007. Lelystad, The Netherlands: Centraal Veevoeder Bureau.

Efficiency of milk protein production in the DVE protein evaluation system.

Prediction and improved estimation in linear models.

Synchronization of rumen fermentation: testing in feeding experiments. Lelystad, The Netherlands: Animal Sciences Group,

The Dutch protein evaluation system:

Update of the Dutch protein evaluation system for ruminants: the DVE/OEB2010 system.

Assessment of the DVE/OEB system for protein evaluation in ruminants

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Assessment of the DVE/OEB system for protein evaluation in ruminants

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