Abdelwali, M.

Al-Qasim, M.

Garcia Bastidas, F.A.

Kema, G.H.J.

Konkol, J.

Naser, Z.

Ordóñez, N.

Ploetz, R.

Salem, N.

Waalwijk, C.

Wageningen Yield 

9GEWASBESCHERMING | JAARGANG 45 | NUMMER 1 | FEBRUARI 2014
[ VERENIGINGSNIEUWS
Cees Waalwijk
Biointeractions
Plant Research 
International, Wageningen
E-mail: 
cees.waalwijk@wur.nl 
Fernando García-
Bastidas1, Nadia 
Ordóñez1, Josh Konkol2, 
M. Al-Qasim3, Z. Naser3, 
M. Abdelwali3, Nida 
Salem4, Chris Waalwijk1, 
Randy Ploetz2 & Gert 
H.J. Kema1
1  Plant Research 
International, Wageningen 
University and Research 
Center, PO Box 16, 6700 
AA Wageningen, The 
Netherland
2  University of Florida, 
IFAS, Department of 
Plant Pathology, Tropical 
Research & Education 
Center, 18905 SW 280th 
Street, Homestead 33031, 
USA
3  Plant Protection (NCARE), 
Baga 19381, Jordan
4  Department of Plant 
Protection, University of 
Jordan, Amman, Jordan
Werkgroep Fusarium
Samenvattingen van de presentaties gehouden tijdens de 
28e bijeenkomst van de KNPV-werkgroep Fusarium op 
30 oktober 2013 op het CBS in Utrecht.
The genus Fusarium includes species of phytopa-
thological, medical, toxicological as well as general 
interest, attracting researchers with many different 
backgrounds. Classical nomenclature, where te-
leomorphs have priority over anamorphs and the 
fact that many important Fusarium species being 
asexual, have frequently led to confusion across 
disciplines. 
Similar to scientiﬁc communities  working with 
important genera like Aspergillus, 66 authors 
representing a large proportion of the Fusarium 
community recently proposed to use Fusarium 
as the basal concept. This will free researchers 
from the obligation of using other names and 
eventually lead to reduced misperception among 
agronomists. Based on the (partial) sequences 
of the genes coding for both subunits of the RNA 
polymerase II-B, RPB1 and RPB2, the genus shows 
well-supported monophyly, with 20 strongly sup-
ported species complexes. 
Diversiﬁcation could be mapped on a geological 
time scale dating back to  ~90 Mya. Acquisition of 
the ability to produce various secondary metabo-
lites maps to more recent dates, the production 
of trichothecenes being the most recent event 
around 25 Mya.
Panama disease of banana, is among the most 
destructive plant diseases. Race 1 of Foc ravaged 
‘Gros Michel’-based export trades until the culti-
var was replaced by resistant Cavendish cultivars. 
However, a new variant of Foc, tropical race 4 
(TR4), was identiﬁed in Southeast Asia and has 
spread throughout the region. Cavendish clones 
are the most important in subsistence and export 
production, and there is a huge concern that TR4 
will move into Africa and Latin America. In Jordan, 
Cavendish bananas are produced on 1,000-1,500 
ha. In 2006, symptoms of Panama disease were 
observed in these plantations and seven isolates 
were recovered from infected xylem. All examined 
monospore isolates were placed in VCG 01213, 
which contains only strains of TR4. Total DNA 
was extracted from six isolates and PCR analyses 
were performed, which conﬁrmed their identity 
as TR4. Subsequently, one of the isolates (JV11) 
was analyzed for pathogenicity. Root-wounded 10 
week-old plants were inoculated by dipping of the 
Cavendish cv. Grand Naine. Sets of three plants 
were each treated with either JV11 or two TR4 
controls (II-5 from Indonesia and one from The 
Philipines; both were diagnosed as TR4 by PCR 
and pathogenicity analyses). Control sets were 
either treated with race 1 or water. Plants inocula-
ted with JV11 and TR4 controls produced typical 
symptoms of Panama disease. After 4 weeks, tissue 
was collected from all plants and plated on Kom-
ada’s medium. TR4 was directly conﬁrmed by PCR, 
either directly from symptomatic plants or from 
isolates that were recovered from these plants. No-
thing was reisolated from race 1 inoculated plants 
and water controls. This is the ﬁrst report of TR4 
affecting Cavendish outside Southeast Asia. It is its 
northernmost outbreak, and represents a dange-
rous expansion of this destructive race.
Fusarium: One fungus, One name (1F1N)
First Report of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) 
Tropical Race 4 associated with Panama disease of 
banana outside Southeast Asia


First Report of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) Tropical Race 4 associated with Panama disease ofbanana outside Southeast Asia

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http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/fulltext/315915

First Report of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) Tropical Race 4 associated with Panama disease ofbanana outside Southeast Asia

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