Machiels, M.A.M.

NARCIS 

Fisheries Statistics in Marine Conservation Zones (MCZ) of English and Welsh waters

Wageningen Yield 

  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fisheries department 
 
DATE 
July 16, 2014 
 
SUBJECT 
Fisheries Statistics in Marine 
Conservation Zones (MCZ) of 
English and Welsh waters 
 
OUR REFERENCE 
14.IMA0572.MM.ro 
 
POSTAL ADDRESS 
P.O. Box 68 
1970 AB IJmuiden 
The Netherlands 
 
VISITORS' ADDRESS 
Haringkade 1 
1976 CP IJmuiden 
 
INTERNET 
www.wageningenUR.nl/imares 
 
COC NUMBER 
09098104 
 
HANDLED BY 
Dr. mr. ir. M.A.M. Machiels 
 
TELEPHONE 
+31 (0)317 48 29 71 
 
EMAIL 
marcel.machiels@wur.nl 
 
Wageningen UR (Wageningen 
University and various research 
institutes) is specialised in the 
domain of healthy food and living 
environment. 
 
IMARES, part of Wageningen UR, is a 
leading, independent research 
institute that concentrates on 
research into strategic and applied 
marine ecology. 
 
 
P.O. Box 68 | 1970 AB IJmuiden | The Netherlands 
 
 
Marine and Fisheries Evidence Unite | Defra 
Attn. Dean Pearson 
Area 8A/B Nobel House 
17 Smith Square 
London SW1P 3JR 
 
 
Fisheries Statistics in Marine Conservation Zones (MCZ) of 
English and Welsh waters 
 
Marcel Machiels 
 
1. Introduction 
Marine and Fisheries Evidence Unite of Defra (UK) requested IMARES to produce 
tables of landing revenues of Dutch vessels inside a number of MCZ (Marine 
Conservation Zones) for gears used by the Dutch fleet. Vessels larger than 12-15m 
are equipped with VMS (Vessel Monitoring by Satellite) monitoring their position, 
speed and heading every 2 hours. These data can be used to identify position of 
catches as high spatial resolutions. Additional logbook data is required to assess 
characteristics like the gear used by different vessels, their catch composition and 
location of the catches at the level of an ICES rectangle. VMS and logbook data are 
combined in this analyses to identify the position of the fishing activity and the 
associated catch values at these locations and to assess to what extent Dutch fishing 
has taken place in MCZ.   
 
2. Assignment 
Produce tables of landing revenues (Euro, catches multiplied by monthly average 
price) of the Dutch fishing fleet in a selected number of MCZ from 2009 to 2013 for 
all gears operated. The tables shown in this report provide aggregated revenues at 
MCZ areas by gear over the years. A second table is added showing the average 
revenues of MCS area’s for the gears by year operated in the MCZ’s.  
 
3. Materials and Methods 
A summary of the process to pre-process, analyse VMS and logbook data, combine 
these datasets and produce tables is given below. A more detailed description on the 
processing and assumptions made during this process  can be found in Hintzen et al. 
(2013) http://edepot.wur.nl/248628. 
  
  
  
  
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Data pre-processing: 
• VMS and logbook data are received from the Ministry of Economic Affairs and 
stored in a local database at IMARES. 
• VMS records are considered invalid and therefore removed from the analyses 
when they : 
o Are duplicates or pseudo-duplicates (indication of malfunctioning of 
VMS device) 
o Identify an invalid geographical position 
o Are located in a harbour 
o Are located on land 
o Are associated with vessel speeds > 20 knots 
• Logbook records are removed from the analyses when they: 
o Are duplicates 
o Have arrival date-times before departure date-times 
o Overlap with other trips 
Link VMS and logbook data: 
• VMS and logbook datasets are linked using the unique vessel identifier and 
date-time stamp in both datasets available. In other words, records in the 
VMS dataset that fall within the departure-arrival timeframe of a trip 
described in the logbook are assigned the unique trip number from the 
logbook record which allows matching both datasets 
 The following gear types were found to have both VMS and logbook 
registrations inside the selected ICES rectangles were the MCZ are located: 
DRB (Dredges) OTB (Otter bottom trawls), OTT (Otter twin trawls) SSC 
(Scottish seines), OTM (Otter midwater trawl), LHM (Handlines and pole-
lines), PTM (Pair midwater trawl) SDN (Danish seine) , GNS (standing 
Gillnets) and TBB (Beam trawls).       
Define fishing activity: 
• Speed recordings obtained from VMS data are used to create frequency plots 
of these speeds, where along the horizontal axis the speed in knots is given 
and the vertical axis denotes the number of times that speed was recorded. 
In general, 3 peaks can be distinguished in such a frequency plot. A peak 
near 0 knots, associated with harbour/floating, a peak around the average 
fishing speed and a peak around the average steaming speed. These 
analyses are performed separately for each gear class. 
• According to the method described above, selected VMS records are 
associated with fishing activity. Overall vessel speeds between 1.5 and 7.5 
knots/mph are characterize as fishing. For Beam trawls the selected range is 
2-8 mph, Otter bottom trawls: 2-5 mph; Otter twin trawls: 2-5 mph and 
Scottish seines 1-7 mph. 
Spatial distribution of revenues: 
• The landings recorded in the logbooks (kg), is assigned to those VMS records 
that have vessel id, fishing date and fishing position (in ICES squares) in 
common and multiplies with the monthly auction price to obtain landing 
revenues associated with the record. MCZ areas located within the six mile 
zone of UK waters are excluded because fishing by Dutch vessels is 
prohibited there. The MCZ zones where Dutch fishing activity has been found 
are: 1; 4; 6; 7; 8; 9; 10; 13; 14; 15; 16; 17; 18; 20; 21; 24; 25 and 26. 
Define area of interest: 
• 37 MCZ areas (see appendix I) within ICES rectangles 38F0, 37F0, 41F2, 
41F1, 42F1, 42F2, 34E4, 37E4, 37E5, 29E9, 27E4, 27E5, 28E5, 36E4, 36E5, 
35E5, 35E4, 32E4, 31E4, 31E3, 29E2, 29E1, 30E3, 28E1, 30E8, 30E9, 31F1, 
31F0, 29E4, 31E5, 31E6, 38E6, 36E9, 36F0, 34F1, 35F1, 39E8, 38E9, 30E5, 
37E6, 36E6 & 40E8.  
 
  
  
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Creating tables: 
• Landing value is aggregated on the MCZ  per gear type and year. For those 
logbook records that could be linked to VMS data, the GPS location was used 
to assign landings to an MCZ. Landing values recorded in the logbooks from 
other trips then those assigned to VMS records at locations within the area of 
interest are used to assess additional landing values. These logbook were 
(area) proportionally assigned to MCZ zones within an ICES rectangle and 
outside the 6 mile zone. In other words, the overlap in surface area of the 
MCZ and ICES rectangle was used as a ratio to assign landings from logbook 
records to MCZ.  
 
4. Results 
Analysing the 2009-2013 VMS and Logbook data, for the whole Dutch fleet, resulted 
in a dataset describing the landing revenues in a number of MCZ. With this dataset 
tables were created to describe the landing values of the fleet distributed among the 
MCZ. Table 1 shows the landing values of 9 gears and 8 MCZ (2, 3, 15, 11, 19, 32 
and 35).  
The estimated yearly total landing revenue of the Dutch fleet in the selected MCZ is 
on average 1250 k€. Table 2 presents the landing values in the 8 MCZ per year and 
gear combination. 
 
Table 1: Summary of the result: Revenues (in €) per ZONE (nr) and GEAR (FAO 
code) 
ZONE DRB GNS LHM OTB OTM OTT PTM SDN SSC TBB 
2 570 0 1780 1560 159010 0 51950 10670 114150 0 
3 0 0 0 36760 0 0 3450 0 320 0 
5 0 0 0 3020 46210 0 0 0 0 29230 
11 1330 0 4850 4910 297720 2840 29120 24420 323400 0 
19 1380 0 140 70 67360 0 16190 0 14700 0 
32 120 100 0 0 140 0 0 0 0 20 
35 0 0 0 160 0 0 0 0 0 0 
 
The gears contributing mainly to the landing values within the MCZ are OTM, SSC 
and PTM (predominantly pelagic fisheries). Zones with the highest landing values are 
Farnes East (2) & Offshore Brighton (11).
  
  
DATE  
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Table 2: Result: Revenues (in €) per ZONE (nr), YEAR (2009-2013) and GEAR (FAO 
code). A detailed table distinguishing between estimated revenues from assigned 
VMS records and other logbook records is presented in the appendix. 
ZONE YEAR DRB GNS LHM OTB OTM OTT PTM SDN SSC TBB 
2 2009 2850 0 2420 7020 46030 0 43250 0 91430 0 
2 2010 0 0 5190 710 34590 0 0 10900 147400 0 
2 2011 0 0 100 80 307880 0 5350 10460 102510 0 
2 2012 0 0 1190 0 74090 0 0 16830 120560 0 
2 2013 0 0 0 0 332440 0 211130 15160 108840 0 
3 2009 0 0 0 8810 0 0 12020 0 0 0 
3 2010 0 0 0 5820 0 0 0 0 0 0 
3 2011 0 0 0 67430 0 0 0 0 0 0 
3 2012 0 0 0 63690 0 0 5220 0 1600 0 
3 2013 0 0 0 38050 0 0 0 0 0 0 
5 2009 0 0 0 1710 600 0 0 0 0 53590 
5 2010 0 0 0 7560 0 0 0 0 0 61490 
5 2011 0 0 0 3170 660 0 0 0 0 25020 
5 2012 0 0 0 2480 0 0 0 0 0 6050 
5 2013 0 0 0 180 229790 0 0 0 0 0 
11 2009 6650 0 6590 20890 360530 0 66320 0 300540 0 
11 2010 0 0 14140 3430 227330 14200 34940 29730 400610 0 
11 2011 0 0 270 210 254580 0 44350 28540 261610 0 
11 2012 0 0 3250 0 430530 0 0 45910 388030 0 
11 2013 0 0 0 0 215650 0 0 17900 266220 0 
19 2009 6910 0 0 0 54530 0 0 0 3000 0 
19 2010 0 0 360 0 83370 0 8290 0 20470 0 
19 2011 0 0 150 0 78460 0 0 0 24740 0 
19 2012 0 0 200 350 28230 0 72630 0 16420 0 
19 2013 0 0 0 0 92210 0 0 0 8890 0 
32 2009 580 0 0 0 720 0 0 0 0 0 
32 2010 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 
32 2011 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 
32 2012 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 
32 2013 0 520 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 
35 2009 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 
35 2010 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 
35 2011 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 
35 2012 0 0 0 810 0 0 0 0 0 0 
35 2013 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 
  
  
 DATE 
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 OUR REFERENCE 
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In general, the position of landings from vessels operating VMS can be estimated 
with higher precision. In those cases where VMS data is lacking and the ICES 
rectangle notation of logbooks is guiding on spatial location of fishing activity, the 
allocation of landings may be biased. Therefore, appendix II shows the estimated 
landing revenue for both the VMS based allocations (MG) and logbook based 
allocations (NM). In tables 1 and 2 above, the two tables have been combined. 
 
 
References 
Hintzen, N.T.; Bastardie, F.; Beare, D.J.; Piet, G.J.; Ulrich, C.; Deporte, N.; Egekvist, 
J.; Degel, H. 2012. VMStools: Open-source software for the processing, analysis and 
visualisation of fisheries logbook and VMS data. Fisheries Research 115-116. p. 31 - 
43. 
 
Hintzen, N.T.; Coers, A.; Hamon, K. (2013) A collaborative approach to mapping 
value of fisheries resources in the North Sea (Part 1: Methodology) IJmuiden : 
IMARES, (Report C001/13) - p. 24 
 
 
  
  
  
DATE  
July 16, 2014  
  
OUR REFERENCE  
14.IMA0572.MM.ro  
  
PAGE  
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Justification 
 
Project number: 4301000006 
 
 
The scientific quality of this report has been peer reviewed by the a colleague 
scientist and the head of the department of IMARES. 
 
 
Approved: Ir. N.T. Hintzen 
  Scientists 
 
 
Signature:   
 
Date:  16th of July 2014 
 
 
 
 
 
Approved: Drs. J.H.M. Schobben 
  Head of Department Fish 
 
 
Signature:  
 
Date:  16th of July 2014  
 
 
 
 
  
  
 DATE 
 July 16, 2014 
  
 OUR REFERENCE 
 14.IMA0572.MM.ro 
  
 PAGE 
 7 of 8 
  
 
Appendix I: Location Map of the selected MCZ (1-37) & Table with MCZ names 
 
 
 
 
NR NAME NR NAME NR NAME 
1 Coquet to St Mary’s 14 Bembridge 26 Bideford to Foreland Point 
2 Farnes East 15 Norris to Ryde 27 North of Lundy 
3 Fulmar 16 Yarmouth to Cowes 28 South of Celtic Deep 
4 Runswick Bay 17 The Needles 29 Celtic Deep 
5 Compass Rose 18 Studland Bay 30 East of Celtic Deep 
6 Holderness Inshore 19 Western Channel 31 Mid St George’s Channel 
7 Cromer Shoal Chalk Beds 20 Mounts Bay 32 North St George’s Channel 
8 The Swale Estuary 21 Lands End 33 Slieve Na Griddle 
9 Dover to Deal 22 North-West of Jones Bank 34 South Rigg 
10 Dover to Folkestone 23 Greater Haig Fras 35 West of Walney 
11 Offshore Brighton 24 Newquay and The Gannel 36 Mud Hole 
12 Offshore Overfalls 25 Hartland Point to Tintagel 37 Allonby Bay 
13 Utopia 
    
  
  
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Appendix II: Revenues (in €) per ZONE (nr), year (YR 2009 – 2013, (9-13)) and 
GEAR (FAO code) and data origin. MG columns  are estimated revenues from 
assigned VMS records and NM are estimated revenues from other logbook records. 
 
 
 
ZONE YR DRB -MG DRB -NM GNS -NM LHM -MG LHM -NM OTB -MG OTB -NM OTM -MG OTM -NM OTT -MG PTM -MG PTM -NM SDN -NM SSC -MG SSC -NM TBB -NM
2 9 780 2070 0 0 2420 0 7020 31980 14050 0 40660 2590 0 40 91400 0
2 10 0 0 0 0 5190 0 710 33690 900 0 0 0 10900 0 147400 0
2 11 0 0 0 0 100 0 80 302080 5800 0 5350 0 10460 0 102510 0
2 12 0 0 0 0 1190 0 0 65050 9040 0 0 0 16830 60 120490 0
2 13 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 332440 0 0 211130 0 15160 330 108510 0
3 9 0 0 0 0 0 1590 7220 0 0 0 0 12020 0 0 0 0
3 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 5820 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 67430 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3 12 0 0 0 0 0 2890 60810 0 0 0 0 5220 0 0 1600 0
3 13 0 0 0 0 0 860 37190 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
5 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 1710 0 600 0 0 0 0 0 0 53590
5 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 7560 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 61490
5 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 3170 660 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25020
5 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 2480 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6050
5 13 0 0 0 0 0 0 180 229790 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
11 9 1010 5640 0 0 6590 1760 19130 322220 38310 0 59250 7070 0 119350 181190 0
11 10 0 0 0 0 14140 1500 1930 224880 2440 14200 34940 0 29730 63700 336910 0
11 11 0 0 0 0 270 0 210 238750 15830 0 44350 0 28540 71550 190070 0
11 12 0 0 0 0 3250 0 0 405870 24670 0 0 0 45910 108700 279330 0
11 13 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 215650 0 0 0 0 17900 81640 184580 0
19 9 0 6910 0 0 0 0 0 54530 0 0 0 0 0 0 3000 0
19 10 0 0 0 0 360 0 0 83370 0 0 0 8290 0 3420 17040 0
19 11 0 0 0 0 150 0 0 76140 2320 0 0 0 0 460 24280 0
19 12 0 0 0 0 200 0 350 5110 23120 0 0 72630 0 0 16420 0
19 13 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 92210 0 0 0 0 0 0 8890 0
32 9 0 580 0 0 0 0 0 720 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
32 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
32 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
32 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100
32 13 0 0 520 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
35 12 0 0 0 0 0 810 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0


Fisheries Statistics in Marine Conservation Zones (MCZ) of English and Welsh waters

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