Offers an illustrated introduction to architectural design standards for bedrooms

Kapple, William H.

English

Illinois Digital Environment for Access to Learning and Scholarship Repository

ED ROOM l?LANNING STANDARDS G COPYRIGHT @ 1974 BY THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS. All rights reserved. No part of this circular may be reproduced in any form without permission in writing from the Publisher. This circular Is one of a series on residential construction. Other circulars are avail-able for 25c each. For information, write to Small Homes Council-Building Research Council, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, One East Saint Mary's Road, Champaign, Illinois 61820. MATERIAL IN THIS CIRCULAR BY WILLIAM H. KAPPLE, AlA Consultants: Wayne L. Shick, AlA, Rudard A. Jones, AlA Editor : Henry R. Spies Cover : Clara L. Thibeaux Illustrations : Richard Yau, John Kastholm PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS The most efficient bedroom for a given set of needs is the smallest bedroom which will accommodate the required furniture, and allow access to the fur-niture and adequate floor space for dressing, sleeping, cleaning, etc. The term bedroom in this circular refers to a room with space for the bed and other furniture, as well as clearances for dress/sleep activities and closets. The largest bedroom in the house is called the master (or primary) bedroom, and the Bedroom Furniture and Clearances The most desirable room size will depend upon room proportions, size and location of windows and doors, the amount and size of furniture, and the necessary clearances. A small, well-planned room can accommodate more furniture with needed clearances than larger, poorly-planned rooms. Typical furniture sizes were selected from current standard sizes of manufactured furniture. Older pieces of furniture are sometimes larger. Beds. The following are the principal stan-dard rna ttress sizes: Bed Crib Twin Full Longster twin Longster full Queen King Full-bed minimum clearances Page2 Mattress 27" X 48" 39" X 75" 54" X 75" 39" X 80" 54" X 80" 60" X 80" 75" X 80" I It; I ~ I~ IS others are secondary bedrooms. The bedrooms are usually located together in one area of the house. If one bedroom is separ-ated from the others, it is desirable to provide another bathroom nearby. When children are young, it is important that their bedrooms be near that of their parents. For older persons and those with physical disabil-ities, it is convenient to have the bedroom and bathroom on the same level as the living area. Dressers. The frontage of a dresser or chest of drawers ranges from 25" to 72", and the depth (front to back) varies from 18" to 22". Night stand. The frontage ranges from 14" to 26", and the depth varies from 15" to 20". Chair. Straight chairs used in bedrooms may range from 15" to 22" wide, and be equally deep. Overstuffed arm chairs will range from 24" to 34" wide and are about 22" deep. Assumed furniture sizes. The plans shown in this circular are based upon the following fur-niture sizes: twin bed, 40" x 80"; full bed, 56" x 80"; double dresser, 60" x 20"; single dresser, 36" x 20"; night stand, 20" x 20"; and straight chair, 20" x 20". Clearances. Activity clearances should be provided around the bed and in front of other fur-niture for making the bed, dressing, vacuuming, dust mopping, opening dressers, opening doors, and access to furniture, windows, and doors. In some cases, clearances greater than in-dicated may be required to satisfy the needs of wheelchair users and invalids who need help. Wall, closet front, or face of furniture Twin-bed minimum clearances University of Illinois SHC - BRC f Doors, Windows, and Closets All doors are assumed to be 80" high. Entrance doors are assumed to be 32" wide, and closet doors 24" wide for a one-person room and 60" wide for a two-person room. (The closet extends 6" beyond both edges of the door.) A door located near a corner will offer less interference with furniture than one located in the middle of a wall. If an inswinging door is located 24" from the corner, furniture may be located along the adjoining wall up to that corner. To avoid damage to that furniture, a hinge-stop should be attached to the door. It should be re-cognized that a person standing in front of such furniture (or a closet door) may be struck by an adjacent inswinging door. Hinge stop to limit door swing I Folding doors If an inswinging door presents a hazard, there are two alternatives: a sliding (pocket) door, which is more expensive and not as easy to operate, and an outswinging door. If the latter is used, the hallway must be wide enough for others to walk past the open door. BEDROOM 0 BEDROOM @> HALL Hall widened for outswinging door Windows. Window placement for thermal comfort is not critical in an air conditioned house. However, if cooling is to be achieved by natural ventilation, cross-ventilation may be ob-tained by providing windows in opposite cor-ners of the same room or by opening doors and windows to allow air circulation through two or more rooms. Circular 5.6, Bedroom Planning Standards .;;F 48" maximum minimum opening 5 square feet Opening for emergency exit Wall space without windows is needed to ac-commodate a mirror over a dresser. In colder cli-mates, the head of the bed should not be placed under a window because of the cold drafts which cascade down from the glass surface. To permit exit in case of an emergency, at least one openable window of appropriate size or an exterior door is required. Where there is no door, the 1973 edition of the HUD Minimum Property Standards requires at least one outside window with sill height not more than 48" above the floor, providing not less than 5 square feet of openable area, and having no dimension less than 22". The windows shown in the b~droom plans on pages 4 to 9 are sized to meet the common build-ing code requirement that the glass area in each room shall be at least 10% of the floor area. Ceiling height. An 8-foot ceiling height is common in most parts of the country. The mini-mum acceptable height is 7'-6". In evaluating a bedroom with a sloping ceiling, do not consider floor area where the ceiling height is less than 5'-0". Closets. Assumed minimum closet rod lengths are 36" for a one-person secondary bed-room and 72" for a two-person master bedroom. The other dimensions for accessibility to closets are illustrated. (The 1973 HUD Minimum Prop-erty Standards requires a minimun accessible rod length of 36" for single-occupancy bedrooms and 60" for double occupancy bedrooms.) Minimum depth t r-== ... ~ • Maximum reach-in Closet criteria Page3 EFFICIENT BEDROOMS FOR A FULL BED The examples of bedrooms on pages 4 through 9 are efficient plans for the selected furniture, as-suming that the head of the bed should not be under a window. Each pair shows that rooms of different proportions can provide an efficient bedroom. Obviously, if any furniture is larger than the assumed sizes or if extra pieces are add-ed, the clearances will be reduced. d The bedrooms on these two pages are the smallest which will accommodate a full-size bed, a night stand, a double dresser, a straight chair, and closet frontage with appropriate clearances. This allows a 40"-wide space for access to the closet and dresser, and along one side and the foot of the bed. 7 / ~--------12' -0"--------~ [[ IT Page4 0 I 0 40" / v L _____ _ The extra walls show the most practical way that the location of the openings may be modified. Openings in other locations may re-quire relocation of some furniture and the elimination of some of the openings shown on the main drawing. a / l F-1 University of Illinois SHC - BRC f The window sash openings shown on these two pages are 28" wide and 46" high. A 28" x 48" crib may be placed in these bed-rooms temporarily with some adjustment of fur-niture and reduced clearances. Plans F - 1 and F - 2 satisfy all1973 HUD Min-imum Property Standards (Table 4 - 1.1 Mini-mum Room Sizes) as a Primary bedroom for two people, if they have "at least one uninterrupted wall space of at least 10 feet." This is feasible if just one enlarged window is used to provide the required glass area. d ~----'/ ~ I 0 ~--------11' - 8"---------lL~bF-2 The extra walls show the most practical way that the location of the openings may be modified. Openings in other locations may re-quire relocation of some furniture and the elimination of some of the openings shown on the main drawing. Circular 5.6, Bedroom Planning Standards PageS EFFICIENT BEDROOMS FOR TWO TWIN BEDS The bedrooms on these two pages are the smallest which will accommodate two twin 'beds, a night stand, two single dressers, a straight chair, and closet frontage with appropriate clearances. This allows a 40"-wide access space in front of the closet and dressers, and along the foot of both beds and one side of one of the beds. The window sash openings shown on these plans are 32" wide and 46" high. A 28" x 48" crib may be placed in these bed-rooms temporarily with some movement of furni -ture and reduced clearances . ----------11' -8"-------~ Page6 co I N L__l_W_~_~_b__.. The extra walls show the most practical way that the location of the openings may be modified. Openings in other locations may re-quire relocation of some furniture and the elimination of some of the openings shown on the main drawing. a I l T-1 University of Illinois SHC- BRC ( Plans T- 1 and T- 2 satisfy all1973 HUD Min-imum Property Standards (Table 4 - 1.1 Mini-mum Room Sizes) for a Primary bedroom for two people if they have II at least one uninterrupted wall space of at least 10 feet. II This is feasible if just one enlarged window is used to provide the required glass area . .... ------10' -0"------~ _/ / The extra walls show the most practical way that the location of the openings may be modified. Openings in other locations may re-quire relocation of some furniture and the elimination of some of the openings shown on the main drawing. Circular 5.6, Bedroom Planning Standards T-2 Page? EFFICIENT BEDROOM FOR ONE TWIN BED The bedrooms on these two pages are the smallest which will accommodate one twin bed, a night stand, a single dresser, a straight chair, and closet frontage with appropriate clearances. This allows a 40"-wide access space in front of the closet and dresser, and along one side and the foot of the bed. d Either room will accommodate one person. Two persons can be accommodated in planS - 1 if stacked bunk beds are used instead of the twin bed and the single dresser is replaced with a larger unit. The window sash openings shown on these two pages are 24" wide and 46" high. ~-----8'-8"-----~ I ~ 0 PageS ~~ r=l The extra walls show the most practical way that the location of the openings may be modified. Openings in other locations may re-quire relocation of some furniture and the elimination of some of the openings shown on the main drawing. j S-1 University of Illinois SHC - BRC • Plan S - 1 satisfies all 1973 HUD Minimum Property Standards (Table 4 - 1.1 Minimum Room Size) for Secondary bedrooms. PlanS - 2 , which has a width of 7' -0" does not meet the re-quirement that the "least dimension" be a mini-mum of 8'-0". co (/) 0 -~ -0 - 2::: .iii ~ ·c: ::::> £ 0 (/) QJ ~ ~ 0 -o lii 0 CD QJ £ -;:: m d ~----7'-0"----~ ---&i1 c ----........ 41 The extra walls show the most practical way that the location of the openings may be modified. Openings in other locations may re-quire relocation of some furniture and the elimination of some of the openings shown on the main drawing. Circular 5.6, Bedroom Planning Standards a S-2 Page9 PLANNING ARRANGEMENT OF BEDROOMS For dwellings in the design stage, the architect, builder, or prospective home owner can use the following procedure: Step No. 1. Decide on the number and type of bedrooms. For example, the selection for a four-person family might be one bedroom for a full-size bed, one bedroom for two twin beds, and one bedroom for one twin bed. Pages 4 - 9 show minimum dimensions for efficient bed-rooms of each of these types. The room dimen-sions shown can always be increased to fit a house plan but should never be diminished. If a non-rectangular bedroom is used, it will necessarily be larger than the "efficient bed-room" and should be evaluated using the meth-od in Step No. 2 on page 11. Step No. 2. Arrange and combine the bed-rooms with closets and adjoining space for the hallway and bathroom(s). Keep in mind that the plans can be rotated or reflected from right to left and/or top to bottom. A tracing of the efficient bedroom plans (which are at a scale of 1/4" = 1') will be useful for this purpose. Be sure to trace only the floor area, as indicated by the colored line. Show the location of the windows and doors, and add the floor area for the closets. It may be necessary to relocate some open-ings, such as where two rooms are placed to-gether. The changes shown on the extra walls in the diagrams can be made without reducing the d furniture capacity or clearances of the room. If it is necessary to move openings to other locations, the result can be evaluated by the method in Step No. 2 on page 11. Example. A tracing is made of three select-ed bedroom plans, S - 1, T - 2, and F - 2. The tracings are cut out and laid side by side to estab-lish an arrangement that fits together, with room for an adjoining 36"-wide hallway and a bath-room. These plans fit within the selected build-ing width of 26 feet. A 10 ' -0" wall of planS - 1 adjoins a 10 ' -0" wall of planT - 2. For entrance to the hallway, the ac-cess door of plan S - 1 is moved from wall a to wall b. The window in wall c is moved to wall d , and is replaced by the closet door, which was moved from wall b . These changes in arrange-ment of openings are permissible as shown on the alternate wall drawings. To allow the hallway to reach F - 2, the closet of bedroom T - 2 is moved to the end of wall a. To match the 36" width of the hallway, the closet may be increased in depth to 36" or built-in shelves or cabinets may be added facing bed-room F - 2. In order to locate the entrance door properly, the traced plan F - 2 is turned upside down and rotated to place wall a along the ex-tended closet of plan T - 2. Bathroom space. A suitable location for a bathroom is indicated by a broken line. c 8'- 8 "--t---1 r.-----14' -4 "----+--........, Page 10 0 I -o N I I 0 b I 0 T-2 a HALL WAY BATH ROOM L _ _ _ ___ _ _ 0 I 0 d co I .-d c University of Illinois SHC - BRC • • EVALUATING AN EXISTING BEDROOM PLAN To evaluate the bedrooms in a house already built, the appraiser or prospective buyer can use the following procedure: Step No.1. Check the adequacy of room di-mensions by comparing them with the bedroom plans shown on pages 4 - 9. Example: Plan X on page 12 is drawn to a scale of 1/4" = 1' . The first step in evaluating this typical room is to compare the room dimensions of 10' -8" by 13' -6" with the plans shown. A comparison of plan X with plant - 1 shows that the 10' -8" width is too small for the narrow di-mension. Also, the 13' -6" length is less than the long dimension of planT - 2. Therefore, plan X is not suitable for two twin beds without reducing space for furniture and access. A similar comparison of plan X with plan F - 1 shows that both dimensions are larger than the corresponding dimensions of F - 1. Therefore, as far as room dimensions are concerned, plan X is satisfactory for a full bed. Plan X also meets the minimum dimensions of plan F- 1. Step No. 2. Determine the adequacy of the space for furniture without blocking access to doors and windows. The patterns for furniture and the selected bed clearance should be cut from page 12. A modified bed clearance pattern, with the bed shifted to the right, will appear on the back of each bed pattern. TWIN BEDS " ~--------------12'-8"--------------~~ Circular 5.6, Bedroom Planning Standards A plan of the room to be evaluated is Cirawn to a scale of 1/4" = 1' and the clearance pattern moved to the various walls to find the position which will accommodate the bed and night stand and provide clearance for the furniture without blocking doors. The head of the bed should not be below a window, and the dresser should be located so the mirror does not block a window or interfere with draperies. The pattern may be turned right or left, or turned upside down and rotated. If there is no location of the bed and clearance pattern that is feasible, a smaller bed pattern should be used and the process repeated. .. .. 0 I .. 0 -cutout patterns ~------7' -0 "---... ·~1 .. .. 0 I .. 0 -~----------10'-4"----------~~ Page 11 ... ~ z v; ~ "' "' ... "' Q ... t; z v; "' ... "' "' ... "' Q ... CD ;:) 0 Q m Example. The full-bed pattern fits against walls b, c, or d of plan X. If located on wall d, ade-quate space for the dresser remains along the fac-ing b wall. Since the bed in the left bed clearance , .. c .. .. 0 I " .. t-0 ~ -1-o 1 ~--o ~-----1, -o "---...... ~1 .. 0 .. 0 -~----------10'-4"----------~~ Page 12 .. .. -() I .. C") -pattern would not allow the 40" space for access to the closet front, the right clearance pattern is selected. 10 '-8 "---~·1 d FULL BED 1~ ~f\ I \ ~40 ' '~ h...___..____. I I I I a ___________ _j b Plan X TWIN BEDS ~--------------12'-8"--------------~ University of Illinois SHC-BRC f ) 

Bedroom Planning Standards

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Bedroom Planning Standards

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