Arumugam, AK

Doufexi, A

Fletcher, PN

Nix, AR

The anticipated proliferation of various wireless local area network (WLAN) enabled devices in the near future is likely to result in increased mutual interference in the 2.45 GHz Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) band. This work investigates the impact of standard Bluetooth and enhanced Bluetooth interference on 802.11g enabled consumer electronic devices and vice versa. Technical designs for Bluetooth, enhanced Bluetooth and 802.11g systems implemented in software are first presented. Issues involved in modelling the interferer(s) within typical indoor home and office environments are: discussed in detail. Packet error rate (PER) vs. carrier to noise ratio (CNR) plots for different carrier to interference ratios (CIR) are presented. Techniques used to improve the performance of 802.11g and HDR Bluetooth systems in the presence of interference are discussed in detail as a conclusion to this paper.The anticipated proliferation of various wireless local area network (WLAN) enabled devices in the near future is likely to result in increased mutual interference in the 2.45 GHz Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) band. This work investigates the impact of standard Bluetooth and enhanced Bluetooth interference on 802.11g enabled consumer electronic devices and vice versa. Technical designs for Bluetooth, enhanced Bluetooth and 802.11g systems implemented in software are first presented. Issues involved in modelling the interferer(s) within typical indoor home and office environments are: discussed in detail. Packet error rate (PER) vs. carrier to noise ratio (CNR) plots for different carrier to interference ratios (CIR) are presented. Techniques used to improve the performance of 802.11g and HDR Bluetooth systems in the presence of interference are discussed in detail as a conclusion to this paper

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An investigation of the coexistence of 802.11g WLAN and high data rate Bluetooth enabled consumer electronic devices in indoor home and office environments

The anticipated proliferation of various wireless local area network (WLAN) enabled devices in the near future is likely to result in increased mutual interference in the 2.45 GHz industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) band. The paper investigates the impact of standard Bluetooth and high data rate (HDR) Bluetooth interference on IEEE 802.11g enabled consumer electronic devices and vice versa. Technical design issues for HDR Bluetooth and 802.11g systems implemented in software are presented. Packet error rate (PER) versus signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) plots are presented. The improvement in performance attained in 802.11g systems by using erasures in the corrupted subcarriers is briefly discussed.The anticipated proliferation of various wireless local area network (WLAN) enabled devices in rhe near future is likely ro result in increased mutual interference in the 2.45GHz Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) bond. This work investigates the impact of standard Bluetooth and High Dora Rare (HDR) Bluetooth interference on 802.11g enabled consumer electronic devices and vice versa. Technical design issues for HDR Bluetooth and 802.11g systems implemented in software are presented. Packer Error Rare (PER) vs. Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) plots are presented. The improvement in performance attained in 802.11g systems by using erasures in the subcarriers is briefly discussed as a conclusion to the paper

                          Arumugam, A. K., Doufexi, A., Nix, A. R., & Fletcher, P. N. (2003). Aninvestigation of the coexistence of 802.11g WLAN and high data rateBluetooth enabled consumer electronic devices in indoor home and officeenvironments. In International Conference on Consumer Electronics, 2003.(Vol. 1, pp. 280 - 281). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers(IEEE). 10.1109/ICCE.2003.1218923Link to published version (if available):10.1109/ICCE.2003.1218923Link to publication record in Explore Bristol ResearchPDF-documentUniversity of Bristol - Explore Bristol ResearchGeneral rightsThis document is made available in accordance with publisher policies. Please cite only the publishedversion using the reference above. Full terms of use are available:http://www.bristol.ac.uk/pure/about/ebr-terms.htmlTake down policyExplore Bristol Research is a digital archive and the intention is that deposited content should not beremoved. However, if you believe that this version of the work breaches copyright law please contactopen-access@bristol.ac.uk and include the following information in your message:• Your contact details• Bibliographic details for the item, including a URL• An outline of the nature of the complaintOn receipt of your message the Open Access Team will immediately investigate your claim, make aninitial judgement of the validity of the claim and, where appropriate, withdraw the item in questionfrom public view.WPM P3.27 AN INVESTIGATION OF THE COEXISTENCE OF 802.11g WLAN AND HIGH DATA RATE BLUETOOTH ENABLED CONSUMER ELECTRONIC DEVICES IN INDOOR HOME AND OFFICE ENVIRONMENTS A.K. Arurnugam, A. Doufexi, A.R. Nix and P.N. Fletcher University of Bristol, Centre for Communications Research, Merchant Venturers Building, Woodland Road. Bristol, BS8 IUB, UK ABSTRACT The anricipntedproliferarion of various wireless locnl area nerwork (WLAN) enabled devices in rhe nearfuture is likely ro result in increased mutual inrerference in the 2.45GHz Industrial, Scienrific and Medical (ISM) bond. This work investigores the impncr of srandard Bluerooth and High Dora Rare (HDR) Bluerooth interference on 802.11g enabled consumer electronic devices and vice versa. Tecliirical design issues for HDR Bluetooth and 802.11g systems implemented in soJiware are presenred. Packer Error Rare (PER) vs. Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) plots are presented. n t e  improvement in performance arrained in 802.11g systems by using erasures in rhe cormpred subcarriers is briefly discussed as a conclusion to the paper. INTRODUCTION There is growing concern for mutual interference between users of different consumer electronic devices such as PDAs, mobile telephones, and cordless TV and VCR following the avalanche of W A N  systems appearing in the market. The once under-utilised ISM hand is now becoming cluttered with 802. I 1  compliant WLAN systems such as 802.1tb [I]  and 802.11g [ZI, Bluetoath [3l devices, Home RF and a plethora of other unlicensed systems. In order for interference to OCCUI between consumer electronic devices operating in close proximity to one another, an overlap in both frequency and time is required. When these collisions occur, the data packet being transmitted may become cormpted leading to a retransmission. Consequently, this leads to significant performance depdat ion  in terms of data throughput for time-hounded and non time-bounded applications. This paper presents novel research results on the impact of HDR Bluetooth enabled consumer electronic devices on 802.llg enabled devices. The level of interference is governed by factors such as the transmit power levels, proximity of the devices relative to one another and also the duration of transmission (the packet size). IEEE 802.11g WLAN SYSTEM The newly developed 802.llg physical layer standard specifies a link adaptive Coded Orthogonal Frequency 0-7803-7721.403 517.00 0 2003 IEEE 280 Division Multiplexing (COFDM) scheme (as for 802. I la) for operation in the 2.4GHz ISM band. OFDM modulation is implemented by means of an inverse FIT. 48 data symbols and 4 pilots are transmitted in parallel in each OFDM symbol. Various combinations of coding rate (for an FEC convolutional code) and modulation schemes are specified in a similar manner to 802.11a to facilitate different ‘modes’ of transmission. Backwards compatibility with the CCK DS-CDMA modulation of 802.11b is also mandated. The analysis presented in this paper concentrates on the eight modes of 802.llg which are equivalent to those of 802.11a. These eight modes are summarized in Table 1. 802.1 Ig supports. Table I1 summarises the duration of transmission for packets of various payload sizes. BLLIETOOTH AND HDR BLUETOOTH Bluetooth is a point-to-point radio standard intended to replace wires and cables in electronic devices. Bluetooth technology operates in the unlicensed 2.45 GHz ISM band and utilises frequency hopping with terminals cycling through 79 IMHz hop channels at 1600 hopsls. A HDR extension to the currently available lMWs Bluetooth link has been proposed in [4]. From the study, the w e  of M-PSK and [he QAM family of modulation schemes with coherent detection was recommended in order'to he able to increase the data throughput (up to 6Mb/s) to allow a greater range of consumer electronic devices. Further investigations have addressed self-interference issues between HDR Bluetooth devices. Spatial-temporal techniques were proposed as solutions towards achieving usable data rates in HDR Bluetooth enabled consumer electronic devices [SI. MODELLING HDR BLUETOOTH AND 802.11g INTERFERERS In HDR Bluetooth, each time slot has a duration of 6 2 5 p  and packets may occupy 1, 3 or 5 time slots. The system uses a single hop frequency for the entire span of a packet. A significant proportion of a slot time is reserved at the end of each packet to allow for transient settling time. 1, 3 and 5 time slot packets utilise the channel for 366ps, 1666p and 2 9 6 6 ~ s  respectively. Since the bandwidth for HDR Bluetooth is maintained at lMHz and a similar hop pattem is employed, in this paper it is assumed that the impact of HDR Bluetooth on 802.11g is similar to that of standard Bluetooth on 802.1 Ig. From Table 11, it can be seen that the ratio of the 802.1 Ig to Bluetooth packet duration will have implications on the probability of collision between the two systems. In the extreme case, collision is almost certain if the 802.11g system operates using 2000 byte packets in Mode 1 whilst the Bluetooth system uses single time slot packets. The Bluetooth signal acts as a narrowband interferer with a probability of overlap of 16.25/79=20% (since the occupied bandwidth of 802.1 Ig is 16.25 MHz, 52 (out of 64) usable suhcmiers). Figure 1 illustrates Bluetooth interfemce on WLANs. WLAN ozcupied bandrid6 d6.5 MHz Oul of band ET Int~r le~me BTIntede~occ L/ -+-jznJL 20 MHz F i x w e  I :  Biueiooih inmferncr an 802.11g WIANs The frequency hopping statistics in Bluetooth show that the frequency hops alternately between odd and even frequency bands across the 79-hop system. This is to avoid co-channel interference in Bluetooth since the RF bandwidth is approximately 1.5MHz (taking into account an RF offset of iISOkHz, a local oscillator frequency drift of *SokHz and filter roll-off). The simulations carried out therefore apply the frequency hop pattem to ensure that the model approximates a true realisation of the interference that is being modelled. ... .;- .... .. - +  ....... . ....... ........... .......... ... .... .. E i . .  ........ A... I .  I ....... i i .  , I  ,,-.. ...... .. .......... ~ . ............ ....... .... I S  o>  . ii .......... * ..... ........ ....... . . . . . . . . .  ....... , - - - - -  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  .... ..... . . . . . . . . .  .... ..,. I. ....., .... - - A  , 1 0 1  - 3  I ,  20  I S  I Y "  ,d., Figure 2: PER P e r f o m c r  of 802.llg wifh single I i m d o l  slondord Blucioorh inioference for made5 wirh I I  P S D U s i z  of 500 byas. Figure 2 shows the PER performance of 802.1 I g  for mode 5, PSDU size of 500 bytes, with -IldB UI. lo Figure 2, three cases have been simulated. In the fust case, no erasures were applied. Erasures were applied to corrupted subcarriers. This meant that the erased data was completely removed from the Viterbi convolutional decoding trellis. The error floor is due to the fact that the data on the specific subcarriers are corrupted and the channel state information for these suhcaniers is wrong since the preamble which is responsible for the channel estimation is also cormpted. For the second case, erasures were used for the three sub- caniers at the centre of the Bluetooth interference in addition to soft values (based on the CII) for the other affected suhcarriers. For the third case, 5 erasures were used. It can be seen that the performance is similar for the second and third cases for this interference value. when the receiver, and more particularly the soft decision Viterbi decoder have howledge of the position of the corrupted subcarriers it can compensate for the few corrupted suhcanien. As can be seen from E w e  2, performance is very close to a system without Bluetooth interference. Due to lack of space in this paper, results for 802.1 Ig  interferers on HDR Bluetooth will he presented in the transaction paper. Typical scenarios for indoor home and office environments will be constructed and data throughput and coverage performance will he discussed for time-bounded and non time-hounded consumer electronic devices. REFERENCES 111 LEEEM 802.11-1999.PmIl: W ~ b r r L A N M ~ d i v m A ~ c r s l C o n r m l ( M A C l  nnd Phyriod Layer (PHYI spuifiradonr. 121 lEEESld 802.llgDl.l-UWI.Pmll: Wirrlrrr LAN Medium Access Conml (MAC1 md Physical Layer (PHY) apdficafionr: Fvrulu Highrr-SPd Phyricd Lapr Extcnrion in h e  2.4 GH. Bnnd. 131 Thc Blunmth Sflndud Version !.Ob (hnp:Nwrw.blurfwB.rom)) 141 A.K. h u g a m .  S.M.D. Amwur. B.S. k c ,  M.F.Tvlq nnd AR. Nix. "Conrumr Eletmdor Appli~stim md C o v e n s  Consminu using Blwtmth d P r o p x i  Bluitwlh Evolution TtchnOlogiCI". IEEE Tmmc7clim 0. 28 1 

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802.11-1999.PmIl: W~brrLANM~divmA~crslConrml(MACl nnd Phyriod Layer (PHYI spuifiradonr.

Conrumr Eletmdor Appli~stim md Covens Consminu using Blwtmth d Propxi Bluitwlh Evolution TtchnOlogiCI&quot;.

lEEESld 802.llgDl.l-UWI.Pmll: Wirrlrrr LAN Medium Access Conml (MAC1 md Physical Layer (PHY) apdficafionr: Fvrulu Highrr-SPd Phyricd Lapr Extcnrion

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An investigation of the coexistence of 802.11g WLAN and high data rate Bluetooth enabled consumer electronic devices in indoor home and office environments

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