Development in soil-water-and nutrient management: A Study on drought tolerant of wheat genotypes using carbon isotopes discrimination

Abstract

DEVELOPMENT IN SOIL ??? WATER - AND NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT ANALYSIS: A STUDY ON DROUGHT TOLERANT OF WHEAT GENOTYPES USING CARBON ISOTOPES DISCRIMINATION (CID) TECHNIQUE \ud \ud B. RASYID1*; M.U. SHIRAZI2; J.A. GYAMFI3; T. RAM4; H. BACHIRI5\ud 1Dept. of Soil Science, Fac. Of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia\ud 2Nuclear Institute of Agriculture (NIA), Tandojam, Pakistan\ud 3 IAEA laboratories Seibersdorf, Austria\ud 4Agricultural Research and Extension Unit, Mauritius\ud 5Institut National de Recherche Agronomique en , Algeria (INRAA)\ud *Correspondent author: [email protected]\ud \ud ABSTRACT\ud Drought tolerant analysis using carbon isotopes discrimination could be useful tool to decide a genotype with high adaptation to drought. A pot culture experiment was conducted in glass house at the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) laboratories, Seibersdorf, Austria to analyze drought tolerant of wheat genotype using carbon isotopes discrimination technique. Four wheat genotypes viz., LU-26s, Bhittai, Roshan, Taifu, were tested. There were two treatments. i. Control (normal irrigation) and ii. Drought (30 % field capacity of the control treatment). Drought treatment was imposed after two weeks of germination. The experiment was continued up to 10 weeks after germination and was terminated at flowering stage. The data was recorded in terms of plant height, number of tillers, shoot dry weight and carbon isotopic ratio (??). Results showed that genotypes LU-26s was found to have best performance under drought condition, with minimum decrease in the growth parameters i.e., plant height, number of tillers and shoot dry weight. High corbon isotopes discrimination (CID) values were also observed in genotype LU-26s, showing close positive correlation between SDW and CID. It is therefore concluded that carbon isotopes discrimination can be an important criterion for the selection of wheat genotypes for drought prone areas. \ud \ud Key words: Drought tolerant, Wheat genotypes, Carbon isotope discrimination.\ud \ud \ud PENGEMBANGAN ANALISIS PENGELOLAAN TANAH ??? AIR ??? DAN HARA : STUDI TOLERANSI TERHADAP KEKERINGAN BEBERAPA GENOTIPE GANDUM MENGGUNAKAN TEKNIK DISKRIMINASI KARBON ISOTOP\ud \ud B. RASYID1*; M.U. SHIRAZI2; J.A. GYAMFI3; T. RAM4; H. BACHIRI5\ud 1Jurusan Ilmu Tanah, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia\ud 2Nuclear Institute of Agriculture (NIA), Tandojam, Pakistan\ud 3 IAEA laboratories Seibersdorf, Austria\ud 4Agricultural Research and Extension Unit, Mauritius\ud 5Institut National de Recherche Agronomique en , Algeria (INRAA)\ud *Alamat korespondensi: [email protected]\ud \ud ABSTRAK\ud Analisis toleransi terhadap kekeringan menggunakan diskriminasi karbon isotop merupakan teknik yang sangat baik digunakan untuk menentukan genotipe tanaman yang memiliki adaptasi tinggi terhadap kekeringan. Percobaan pot dilakukan pada rumah kaca Laboratorium Badan Tenaga Atom Internasional, Seibersdorf, Austria, untuk menganalisis toleransi beberapa jenis genotipe gandum dengan teknik diskriminasi karbon isotop. Tanaman yang dianalisis adalah empat genotipe gandum yakni LU-26s, Bhittai, Roshan, dan Taifu. Perlakuan pemberian air masing-masing: i. Kontrol (pemberian air normal), ii. Kekeringan (30% kapasitas lapang). Perlakuan kekeringan diberikan 2 (dua) minggu setelah tanam yang diteruskan hingga 10 (sepuluh) minggu setelah tanam saat tanaman memasuki fase pembungaan. Pengamatan yang dilakukan meliputi tinggi tanaman, jumlah anakan, berat kering akar dan rasio karbon isotop (d). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa genotipe LU-26s memberikan penampilan terbaik pada kondisi kering yang dapat dilihat pada nilai tinggi tanaman, jumlah anakan, dan berat kering tanaman. Pada diskriminasi karbon isotop, nilai tertinggi ditunjukkan pula oleh genotipe LU-26s, yang memberikan arti adanya korelasi positif antara berat kering tanaman dan diskriminasi karbon isotop. Karenanya dapat disimpulkan bahwa diskriminasi karbon isotop dapat menjadi criteria penting untuk seleksi genotipe gandum pada daerah yang cenderung kering.\ud \ud Kata kunci: Toleransi kekeringan, Genotipe gandum, Diskriminasi karbon isotop