In order to allow growth comparisons and the indirect estimation of some of the von Bertalanffy growth model’s parameters (specifically K or L¥), growth parameters and
growth performance index (F¢) of 13 populations of 11 Ariidae catfish species are here presented and analysed. Some previously published data were re-analysed with non-linear regression procedures to ensure comparison. In general, these species attain large sizes slowly. Growth performance index (F¢) for these 13 populations had values ranging from 2.487 to 3.254 with a mean value of 2.895.Com o objetivo de permitir comparações entre populações e o cálculo indireto de alguns dos parâmetros de crescimento do modelo de von Bertalanffy (especificamente K ou L¥), os parâmetros de crescimento de 13 populações de 11 espécies de bagres semi-anádromos (Fam. Ariidae) são apresentados e analisados. Alguns dados previamente publicados foram re-analisados utilizando procedimentos de regressão não-linear para permitir a comparação dos parâmetros encontrados. Em geral, estes bagres alcançam grandes tamanhos crescendo lentamente. Os índices de performance de crescimento (F¢) para estas 13 populações apresentaram valores entre 2,487 e 3,254, com um valor médio de 2,895

Oddone, Maria Cristina

Velasco, Gonzalo

Acta Scientiarum Health Sciences

English

Repositório Institucional  Universidade Federal do Rio Grande

GROWTH PARAMETERS AND GROWTHPERFORMANCE INDEXES FOR SOMEPOPULATIONS OF MARINE CATFISHES(ACTINOPTERYGII, SILURIFORMES, ARIIDAE)Gonzalo Velasco*María Cristina Oddone**Key words: Population dynamics, growth comparisons.Dinâmica de populações, comparações de crescimento.AbstractIn order to allow growth comparisons and the indirect estimation of some of thevon Bertalanffy growth model’s parameters (specifically K or L∞), growth parameters andgrowth performance index (Φ′) of 13 populations of 11 Ariidae catfish species are herepresented and analysed. Some previously published data were re-analysed with non-linear regression procedures to ensure comparison. In general, these species attain largesizes slowly. Growth performance index (Φ′) for these 13 populations had values rangingfrom 2.487 to 3.254 with a mean value of 2.895.Endereço dos autores:* Depto. Oceanografia, Fundação Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG). C. P. 474, RioGrande, RS, CEP 96201-900, Brasil.**Curso de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Campus RioClaro - Av. 24 A, 1515, C.P. 199, Rio Claro, SP, CEP 13506-900, Brasil.Autor correspondente. E-mail: pgobgvc@furg.brActa Biologica Leopoldensia Vol. 26 Nº 2 julho/dezembro 2004 p. 307-313308ResumoPARÂMETROS DE CRESCIMENTO E ÍNDICES DE PERFORMANCE DE CRES-CIMENTO PARA ALGUMAS POPULAÇÕES DE BAGRES MARINHOS(ACTINOPTERYGII, SILURIFORMES, ARIIDAE). Com o objetivo de permitir compara-ções entre populações e o cálculo indireto de alguns dos parâmetros de crescimento domodelo de von Bertalanffy (especificamente K ou L∞), os parâmetros de crescimento de13 populações de 11 espécies de bagres semi-anádromos (Fam. Ariidae) são apresenta-dos e analisados. Alguns dados previamente publicados foram re-analisados utilizandoprocedimentos de regressão não-linear para permitir a comparação dos parâmetros en-contrados. Em geral, estes bagres alcançam grandes tamanhos crescendo lentamente.Os índices de performance de crescimento (Φ′) para estas 13 populações apresentaramvalores entre 2,487 e 3,254, com um valor médio de 2,895.IntroductionThe Ariidae family (Pisces, Siluriformes) includes 14 genera and 120species of tropical and sub-tropical marine (anadromous or semi-anadromous)catfishes. In general, these species attain large sizes, are long living, slow growing,have low fecundity and mouthbreed their eggs (Nelson, 1976; Rimmer e Merrick,1982; Reis, 1986 a, Velasco et al., no prelo).Some of the species are targeted by industrial and artisanal fisheries andsignificantly contribute to the total regional production (Dmitrenko, 1975; Reis,1986 b, c; Bawazeer, 1987; Froese e Pauly, 1996). For many of these fisheryresources, growth parameters for the Von Bertalanffy model (L∞, K and t0)(Bertalanffy, 1976; Pauly, 1984; Moreau, 1987) have been estimated by severalauthors (Table I) since this population parameters are important to describe thespecies and also are inputs in several fishery production models (Sparre et al.,1989; Hilborn e Walters, 1992). Some age studies have been performed byanalysing otoliths or spines’ annuli (year growth rings in these structures). Otherstudies, mainly in tropical countries, rely on length frequency data to estimateindirectly growth parameters.In all cases, age and growth parameters’ determination are time and capi-tal consuming techniques (for sampling, preparation and analysis of the agestructures or length frequency data). However, these growth parameters areessential for managing the stocks (Pauly, 1984; Sparre et al., 1989; Hilborn eWalters, 1992).Since the asymptotic length (L∞) can be estimated from the maximumobserved length (Lmax) by using TAYLOR’s equation L∞ = Lmax/0.95 (Taylor, 1958,3091960; Sparre et al., 1989), the parameter K (growth constant or stress factor,according to Pauly, 1984) can be estimated using L∞ and the growth performanceindex Φ′(described below) (Pauly e Munro, 1984). This growth performance indexalso allows to compare different species’ growth in terms of length, assuming thatthe species grows according to the Von Bertalanffy model (Pauly e Munro, op cit.).The aim of this paper is to present the growth performance index Φ′ as atool for growth comparison and as an alternative procedure to estimate someVON BERTALANFFY’s model growth parameters (L∞ or K) for the species of theAriidae family.Material and MethodsPublished data on growth for 13 populations of 11 Ariidae species fromdifferent regions (Table I) were reviewed and reanalysed when possible, accordingto the availability of data in the literature. For Arius thalassinus andHexanematichthys guatemalensis, the data of mean length-at-age presented bythe original authors were used to recalculate growth parameters (L∞, K and t0) bynon-linear regressions, adjusted by least-squares using the Marquardt algorithm(Statgraphics Plus – Manugistics Inc.). For the remaining species the growthparameters are presented as published by the authors.The growth performance index was calculated according to the followingformula (Pauly e Munro, 1984):Φ′= Log(K)+2Log(L∞)where K and L∞ are two parameters from the traditional VONBERTALANFFY growth function: the growth constant – or stress factor – and theasymptotic length, respectively (Pauly, 1984; Moreau, 1987; Sparre et al., 1989).Length data is generally presented as total length (LT), although someauthors use standard (LS) or fork length (LF).Results and DiscussionGrowth parameters for the 13 Ariidae populations and the correspondinggrowth performance index (Φ′) are presented in Table I. The species here includedinhabit waters of America, Africa and Asia, representing quite well this Family.Values of Φ′ ranged from 2.487 (Arius spixii) to 3.254 (Arius dussumieri) with amean value of 2.895 (SD: 0.213).310TABLE I - Growth parameters (L∞, K and t0) and growth performance index (Φ′) for 11 Ariidae catfish species (Validspecies names listed according to www.fishbase.org, in alphabetical order).Species Region L∞ (cm) K (year-1)     t0    Φ′ Source1)  Arius dussumieri India 102.70 0.17 -0.50 3.254 Vasudevappa e James (1989 apud Froese e Pauly, 1996)2)  Arius heudelotii Guinea 70.00* 0.14 -0.39 2.842 Conand, Camara e Domain (1995)3)  Arius heudelotii Cameroon 68.50 0.15 - 2.847 N’jock (1990 apud Froese e Pauly, 1996)4)  Arius latiscutatus Guinea 65.00* 0.15 -0.31 2.813 Conand, Camara e Domain (1995)5)  Arius maculatus Indonesia 45.00 0.73 - 3.170 Dwiponggo et al. (1986 apud Froese e Pauly, 1996)6)  Arius parkii Guinea 61.20* 0.17 -0.28 2.806 Conand, Camara e Domain (1995)7)  Arius spixii Venezuela 29.86** 0.34 - 2.487 Etchevers (1978)8)  Arius tenuispinis India 82.00 0.21 -0.18 3.150 Dan (1980 apud Froese e Pauly, 1996)9)  Arius thalassinus Kuwait 106.40 0.06 -2.10 2.860 Bawazeer (1987)10) Arius thalassinus India 92.23* 0.10 -0.79 2.925 modified from Dmitrenko (1975)11) Genidens barbus Brazil 118.60 0.04 -1.50 2.782 Velasco et al. (in press)12) Hexanematichthys       guatemalensis Mexico 124.84* 0.07 -0.38 3.040 modified from Warburton (1978)13) Notarius troschelii Costa Rica 48.00 0.20 - 2.664 Stephenson (1980 apud Froese e Pauly, 1996)* L∞ (cm) refers to fork length (LF) and ** to standard length (LS). Other cases refer to total length (LT).311The Ariidae family presents relatively high values of asymptotic length(L∞) and, as expected, low values of K, since these parameters are inverselycorrelated (Beverton e Holt, 1959; Pauly, 1984; Velasco et al., no prelo). Regardingthe estuarine fauna, this catfishes are among the larger fishes (Nelson, 1976;Rimmer e Merrick, 1982; Vieira e Castello, 1997) and the asymptotic length datashowed here confirms this.In the particular case of Arius thalassinus’ parameters, data on mean length-at-age presented by Dmitrenko (1975) in his tables 2 and 5, differs from themean length-at-age that can be calculated from his data in table 3. Growthparameters calculated for the first set of length-at-age data produced an estimateof L¥ too low for this species (55.5 cm) if compared with the data of the capturedA. thalassinus the author presented and the same parameter calculated byBawazeer (1987) (Table I). The value of K, on the other hand, was higher thanthe expected (0.19 year-1). However, the parameters calculated here with thesecond set of (original) data, produced more realistic results in view of the expectedgrowth performance of Ariidae species (L∞=92.23, K=0.1). This set of parametersis shown in Table I.Comparisons of growth performance indexes calculated using differentlength measurements (LT, LF, LS), should be avoided. However, growthperformance indexes obtained with different body length data would be aroundthe same figure, in each case, and can be therefore used for comparison.According to Pauly e Munro (1984) related species present similar valuesof Φ′ and each taxa may have a particular distribution of values, different fromother taxa, and can be described by its mean value, i.e. the value of this parameterfor species from a particular family should be closer to its average than to theaverage value of another family, for example.Growth parameters for the species analysed are shown in the form of anauximetric grid (sensu Pauly, 1984) (Figure 1). The species’ data are distributedin an elongated cluster. The values for Arius maculatus and A. spixii, that presentedparticularly high values of K (A. maculatus, mainly) and low values of L∞, seemedrather different from all the other analysed species in this family (these two speciesare indicated by numbers 5 and 7 in Figure 1). These differences can be due tosome inaccuracy when calculating growth parameters -since age determinationis not an exact technique - or to real biological differences for this two species.Nevertheless, following the ideas of Pauly e Munro (1984) stated above and therepresentativity of the species included in the present paper, we believe the meanvalue presented can be used to describe this Family and calculate the parameterK for relative species when needed for stock assessment purposes.312AcknowledgementWe are grateful to the referee and the ABL’s editorial board for thesuggestions and corrections. Prof. Dr. E. G. Reis provided useful literature.ReferencesBAWAZEER, A.S. 1987. The fishery management of the stock of chim, the giant sea catfish Ariusthalassinus in Kuwait waters. Kuwait Bull. Mar. Sci,. 9:87-100.BEVERTON, R. J. H. and HOLT, S. J. 1959. A review of the lifespans and mortality rates of fish innature and their relation to growth and other physiological characteristics. In: The lifespan of animals.CIBA Foundation Colloquium on Ageing 5,  p.142-177.BERTALANFFY, L. VON. 1976. Teoría general de los sistemas: fundamentos, desarrollo, aplicaciones.México, Fondo de Cultura Económica, S. A. de C. V., 311 p.CONAND, F., CAMARA, S. B. and DOMAIN, F. 1995. Age and growth of three species of Ariidae(Siluriformes) in coastal waters of Guinea. Bull. Mar. Sc.,. 56(1):58-67.DMITRENKO, E. M. 1975. Size-age composition of the giant catfish, Arius thalassinus, in the vicinityFIGURE 1 – Auximetric grid showing data on L∞ and K of 13 populations of 11Ariidae catfish species. Labels represent the number of the species in Table I.313of Kathiawas Peninsula (India). J. Ichthyol.,  15:622-629.ETCHEVERS, S. L. 1978. Contribution to the biology of the sea catfish, Arius spixii (Agassiz) (Pisces,Ariidae), south of Margarita Island, Venezuela. Bull. Mar. Sci., 28(2):381-385.FROESE, R. and PAULY, D. 1996 (eds). Fishbase 96 - CD-ROM. Manila, ICLARM.HILBORN, R. and WALTERS, C.J. 1992. Quantitative fisheries stock assessment: choice, dynamicsand uncertainty. London, Chapman and Hall, 570 p.MOREAU, J. 1987. Mathematical and biological expression of growth in fishes: recent trends andfurther developments. In: R.C. SUMMERFEIT e G.E. HALL (eds.), The age and growth of fish.The Iowa State Univ. Press, p. 81-113.NELSON, J.S. 1976. Fishes of the world. John Wiley e Sons Inc., 416 p.PAULY, D. 1984. Fish population dynamics in tropical waters: a manual for use with programmablecalculator. ICLARM Studies and Reviews, 8. Manila, Philippines, 325 p.PAULY, D. and MUNRO, J. L. 1984. Once more on the comparison of growth in fish and invertebrates.Fishbyte, 2(1):21.REIS, E. G. 1986a. Reproduction and feeding habits of the marine catfish, Netuma barba (Siluriformes,Ariidae), in the estuary of the Patos Lagoon (Brazil). Atlântica, 8:35-55.REIS, E. G. 1986 b. Age and growth of the marine catfish, Netuma barba (Siluriformes, Ariidae), in theestuary of the Patos Lagoon (Brazil). Fish. Bull. 84(3):679-686.REIS, E. G. 1986c. A pesca artesanal de bagres marinhos (Siluriformes, Ariidae) no estuário daLagoa Dos Patos, RS, Brasil. Documentos Técnicos 05, Rio Grande, FURG, 21 p.RIMMER, M. A. and MERRICK, J.R. 1982. A review of reproduction and development in the fork-tailed catfishes (Ariidae). Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., 107(1):41-50.SPARRE, P.; URSIN, E. and VENEMA, S.C. 1989. Introduction to tropical fish stock assessment.Part 1: manual. Rome, FAO Fish. Tech. Paper Nº 306.1,  337 p.TAYLOR, C.C. 1958. Cod growth and temperature. J. Cons. perm. Int. Explor. Mer., 23(3):365-370.TAYLOR, C.C. 1960. Temperature, growth and mortality - The Pacific cockle. J. Cons. perm. Int.Explor. Mer., 26(1):117-124.VELASCO, G.; REIS, E.G. and VIEIRA, J.P. Calculating growth parameters of Genidens barbus(Siluriformes, Ariidae): using length composition and age data. J. Appl. Ichthyol. (no prelo).VIEIRA, J.P. and CASTELLO, J.P. 1997. Fish Fauna. In: U. SEELIGER,C.  ODEBRECHT and J.P.CASTELLO (eds.), Subtropical convergence environment. Springer, Germany. 308 p. p. 56-61WARBURTON, K. 1978. Age and growth determination in a marine catfish using an otolith checktechnique. J. Fish Biol., 13:429-434.Recebido em 20/4/2004Aceito em 22/9/2004

Parâmetros de crescimento e índices de performance de crescimento para algumas populações de bagres marinhos (Actinopterygii, Siluriformes, Ariidae)

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Parâmetros de crescimento e índices de performance de crescimento para algumas populações de bagres marinhos (Actinopterygii, Siluriformes, Ariidae)

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Repositório Institucional Universidade Federal do Rio Grande