After more than ten years of production for high energy physics, CERN's current flagship, LEP, will be closed down definitively October 1st, 2000. Starting immediately, some 30,000 tonnes of LEP materials will be removed from the tunnel to make room for LHC installation. The dismantling project is a major undertaking in terms of resources and constraints, which has to be completed in less than one year. Moreover, since LEP is classified as a nuclear installation in France (as if it was a nuclear power plant), special procedures have to be followed in addition to the normal environmental and safety issues. One major facet of the project is the "traceability" of everything that comes out of the LEP tunnel. This implies that each piece of equipment must be identified and tracked from its origin through any temporary storage to its final destination. Special procedures have to be followed for all materials even if they are not radioactive. As much of the equipment as possible will be recycled or disposed of. This paper describes the database design, software and procedures that are envisaged for the implementation of the LEP traceability system

Billen, R

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EUROPEAN ORGANIZATION FOR NUCLEAR RESEARCHCERN    SL DIVISIONGeneva, Switzerland     June 2000CERN-SL-2000-021  MRLEP TraceabilityRonny BillenAbstractAfter more than ten years of production for high energy physics, CERN's current flagship, LEP, will beclosed down definitively October 1st, 2000.  Starting immediately, some 30,000 tonnes of LEP materialswill be removed from the tunnel to make room for LHC installation.  The dismantling project is a majorundertaking in terms of resources and constraints, which has to be completed in less than one year.Moreover, since LEP is classified as a nuclear installation in France (as if it was a nuclear power plant),special procedures have to be followed in addition to the normal environmental and safety issues.  Onemajor facet of the project is the "traceability" of everything that comes out of the LEP tunnel.  This impliesthat each piece of equipment must be identified and tracked from its origin through any temporary storage toits final destination.  Special procedures have to be followed for all materials even if they are notradioactive.  As much of the equipment as possible will be recycled or disposed of.  This paper describes thedatabase design, software and procedures that are envisaged for the implementation of the LEP traceabilitysystem.Paper presented at EPAC 2000, 26-30 June 2000, Vienna, AustriaLEP TRACEABILITYR. Billen, CERN, Geneva, SwitzerlandAbstractAfter more than ten years of production for highenergy physics, CERN's current flagship, LEP, will beclosed down definitively October 1st, 2000. Startingimmediately, some 30,000 tonnes of LEP materials willbe removed from the tunnel to make room for LHCinstallation. The dismantling project is a majorundertaking in terms of resources and constraints, whichhas to be completed in less than one year. Moreover,since LEP is classified as a nuclear installation in France(as if it was a nuclear power plant), special procedureshave to be followed in addition to the normalenvironmental and safety issues. One major facet of theproject is the "traceability" of everything that comes outof the LEP tunnel. This implies that each piece ofequipment must be identified and tracked from its originthrough any temporary storage to its final destination.Special procedures have to be followed for all materialseven if they are not radioactive. As much of theequipment as possible will be recycled or disposed of.This paper describes the database design, software andprocedures that are envisaged for the implementation ofthe LEP traceability system.1  INTRODUCTIONThe construction of the LHC requires that the LEPtunnel is cleared of all equipment and services that are notrequired for the new machine.  The tunnel will then behanded over for civil engineering and installation withinthe time constraints determined by the LHC Project.2  LEP DISMANTLING CONSTRAINTSThe main constraints for the LEP dismantling projectcome from the LHC Civil Engineering programme,CERN administrative procedures and the regulations andguidelines concerning INB's (Installation Nucléaire debase). Traceability being a requirement of the latter.2.1  LHC Civil EngineeringThe planning of the LHC construction is fullyestablished, excavations for the new injection lines TI2and TI8, the new experimental caverns and service areasfor ATLAS and CMS have already started.  Civil worksinside the existing tunnel will start in January 2001. 2.2  INB Regulations Following an agreement signed between CERN and theFrench authorities in 1984, LEP is classified as an INBand the French body DSIN (Direction de la Sécurité desInstallations Nucléaires) verifies the application of theappropriate regulations.  Similar to a nuclear power plant,these regulations outline what needs to be done forremoval of equipment.  Detailed reports concerningsafety aspects, waste management and operationalprocedures have been prepared for the French authorities[1,2,3].  Fundamental requirements are firstly zoning, toidentify all areas in terms of their nuclear contents andsecondly full traceability of all materials removed fromthe LEP INB. The LEP materials are categorised as conventional orvery slightly radioactive (TFA, très faiblement actif).  Thematerials will be reused at CERN or other institutes, soldfor recycling or treated as waste.  For any use ordestination, appropriate authorised disposal channels needto be established [3].  Periodical reports on the actuallocation of all material, either conventional orradioactive, will support the transparency of thedismantling exercise. 2.3  CERN Regulations Since CERN is an international organisation and LEPis located on both French and Swiss territories, a numberof rules concerning taxes and customs have to be applied.Appropriate customs documents must accompany anygoods that are transported outside or between CERNsites.  In the particular case of transportation ofradioactive material, specific documents with additionalradiation information are must be produced. 3  EQUIPMENT TRACEABILITYThe specification for the traceability system is that itmust be possible to determine the location and "trace" intime and space of all equipment removed from thehorizontal underground areas of LEP.3.1  Equipment InventoryIn order to keep track of any piece of equipment, itneeds to be identified uniquely.  Information concerningmachine components was gathered with the help ofroughly twenty equipment groups and then it wasverified, cross-checked and completed after visits to thetunnel.Although gathering information on equipment pieces isan iterative process, it is fairly simple compared to bulkmaterial.  A vast amount of material like piping (vacuum,cooling, RF), cables and cable trays, will be placed incontainers before evacuation.  Clearly, a preliminaryidentification of this bulk material, with details of itsoriginal location, cannot be established. 3.2  Traceability ToolsEvery piece of equipment, which comes out of the LEPtunnel, is attributed a unique "Trace-LEP" number.  Thisnumber is represented as a barcode on a sticker, which isstuck on the equipment (see Fig. 1).  For bulk material,the barcode sticker will be glued on the container.  Amember of the Traceability Team (a Tracer) mustidentify the container's contents on the fly.Figure 1: Barcode sticker The Tracers will be equipped with laser barcodereaders and located at strategic places.  The barcodereader chosen is the handheld Falcon 320/325 series fromPercon®, which offers a 16-line screen, 486-classprocessor and real-time RF connectivity.  The latterpermits the barcode readers to be connected to the centraldatabase, so reading of the barcode can immediatelyresult in an additional event in the piece's history. 3.3  Procedure In October 2000, as soon as LEP physics stops, therewill be a 3-week period to establish all safety conditionsin terms of radiation, electricity, fluids, gasses andcryogenics. Once the underground areas are declared as"safe", dismantling teams will start taking LEP apart. Allequipment will be disconnected and dismantled, (andbundled in the case of bulk material), in order to beevacuated through one of the seven access pits via a 10-ton crane or a 3-ton elevator.  Tracers will be present atthe bottom of the pits (traceability and radiation check)and at the top of the pits (traceability check anddispatching towards their destination). Three types of destinations can be distinguished:x Temporary Storage Area: for equipment that is tobe reused at CERN in the near future;x Transit Zone: for equipment that will be sold to acontractor for recycling;x Radioactive Waste Storage: for slightly radioactivematerial that must be disposed of.Depending on the destination, appropriate transfer slipswill be generated for the CERN transport service.  At alldestinations, Tracers will record the arrival of theequipment concerned (see Fig. 2).At the Transit Zone, equipment is loaded on thecontractor's trucks, and after weighing and a finalradiation check, pro forma sales documents are produced.After leaving CERN premises, the responsibility of theequipment's traceability is transferred to the contractor. Figure 2: Schematic Tracking Procedure. 4  DATA MANAGEMENT For the management of the equipment's information, itwas decided to develop something in-house.  For datastorage, a dedicated database was designed using Oracle.The surrounding software needs were analysed, modelledwith UML and implemented using both Java and C++. 4.1  Database Design Applying the relational model, a simplified EntityRelationship Diagram (ERD) was derived (see Fig. 3). Figure 3: ERD for LEP traceability data. These three base tables make up the skeleton to hold alltracking information:x The table Pieces holds attributes on individualpieces of equipment: barcode, type, statuses(actual, disposal, radioactivity) as well as originand destination; the GroupedPiece attribute coverscomposite pieces and possible disassembling andreassembling.x The table Piece_Types describes the commonattributes per type of equipment (dimensions,weight, composition, owner, etc.).x The table History contains all recorded events forall equipment pieces; an event can be seen as anaction executed by a person at a certain time.The information in Pieces gives the last snapshot of thepiece of equipment, while the History gives its dynamicevolution over time.  Combining the two tables allows afull traceability on all equipment. 4.2  Software Engineering The user and software requirements have beenestablished based on the activities of the Tracers and thedata flow from their barcode readers to the database.Depending on the function and location of the Tracer,different actions are possible.  For example:x Check details of the piece of equipmentx Assign type and origin to bulk materialx Introduce radiation measurementx Confirm or change TFA statusx Change equipment destinationx Generate transfer slipx Acknowledge reception at destinationx Assemble or disassemble equipmentNot all of the above actions can be performed bysimple manipulation of the barcode readers.  At somelocations, the extra functionality must be provided byweb interfaces in order to give a dynamic picture of thedatabase information.All the necessary software functionality is beingdeveloped in-house by a team of three softwareengineers. 4.3  Implementation Two types of barcode readers will be in use during thedismantling period.  The "online" type has an integratedantenna and is able to connect directly to the databaseserver.  The "offline" type has no such connection andneeds to work with local files that need to be periodicallyoffloaded and downloaded to and from the database. Due to the hardware limitations of the barcode reader,an implementation in Java and C++ is foreseen for theonline and offline version respectively. 4.4  The Real WorldLEP dismantling traceability has been analysed,thought over and discussed for over 18 months now.  Theimplementation of the solution is ongoing, but one has toforesee that not all will go perfectly well in reality. Backup solutions mainly imply manual interventions instead of the automated, computer networking based wayof working.  The objective is to maintain a continuousflow of material from LEP towards its final destination,whilst maintaining full traceability. 5  POST-LEP TRACEABILITY As from 2 October 2000 the LEP becomes the LHCINB, which also includes the SPS machine and itsextraction lines up to the targets. 5.1  LEP Equipment Any LEP equipment that stays at CERN in order to bereused needs continuous tracking.  Web-based tools willbe developed and provided in order to fulfil thisnecessity.  For reuse in SPS or LHC, a logical link mustbe made to the equipment's previous trace history. 5.2  LHC Equipment Traceability in the LHC must be seen in the muchwider context of the LHC Quality Assurance Plan (QAP).In the QAP all equipment destined for LHC will beidentified from their creation and their trace covers thecomplete lifecycle of the equipment, including relateddrawings, documents, measurements, etc. The MP5™ asset management tool from DatastreamSystems has been selected as the standard software for theLHC equipment follow-up.  Eventually, this Oracle®-based tool will be the standard CERN-wide. 5.3  SPS Equipment SPS was constructed in the early seventies andcommissioned in 1976.  In its lifetime SPS has seen manydrastic changes, going well over design parameters forthe high-energy proton fixed target programme; asproton-antiproton collider; as lepton injector for LEP andas future LHC injector.  All layout modifications havebeen followed up internally, but with the INB regulations,a more sophisticated tracking system needs to be workedout with proper management, transparent accessibilityand reporting. 6  CONCLUSIONS Traceability has always been an implicit concept atCERN but without major importance or externalrequirements.  With the dismantling of LEP this is nolonger the case.  All tools are being put in place in orderto have a foolproof traceability system in place during thedismantling activities. Since traceability will be a requirement for SPS andLHC as well, the concepts to be elaborated andimplemented for these installations will undoubtedly bebased on the experience with LEP dismantling.REFERENCES[1]  “Rapport de sûreté pour le démantèlement du LEP”,June 2000, CERN AC-SY/AF/dl (200-224)[2]  “Règles Générales d'Exploitation pour ledémantèlement du LEP”, June 2000, CERN AC-SY/AF/dl (200-229)[3]  “Etude des Déchets pour le démantèlement du LEP”,June 2000, CERN AC-SY/AF/dl (200-227)

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