Fowler, Martin

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RefactoringImproving the Designof Existing CodeMartin FowlerWith contributions by Kent Beck,John Brant, William Opdyke, andDon RobertsÄYYADDISON—WESLEYBoston • San Francisco • New York • Toronto • MontrealLondon • Munich • Paris • MadridCapetown • Sydney • Tokyo • Singapore • Mexico CityContentsForeword 	 xiiiPreface 	 xvWhat Is Refactoring? 	 xviWhat's in This Book? 	 xviiWho Should Read This Book? 	 xviiiBuilding on the Foundations Laid by Others 	 xixAcknowledgments 	 xixChapter 1: Refactoring, a First Example 	 1The Starting Point 	 1The First Step in Refactoring 	 7Decomposing and Redistributing the Statement Method	 8Replacing the Conditional Logic on Price Codewith Polymorphism 	 34Final Thoughts 	 52Chapter 2: Principles in Refactoring 	 53Defining Refactoring	 53Why Should You Refactor? 	 55When Should You Refactor? 	 57What Do I Tell My Manager? 	 60Problems with Refactoring 	 62Refactoring and Design 	 66Refactoring and Performance 	 69Where Did Refactoring Come From? 	 71viiCONTENTSChapter 3: Bad Smells in Code (by Kent Beck and Martin Fowler) 	 75Duplicated Code 	 76Long Method 	 76Large Class 	 78Long Parameter List 	 78Divergent Change 	 79Shotgun Surgery 	 80Feature Envy 	 80Data Clumps 	 81Primitive Obsession 	 81Switch Statements	 	 82Parallel Inheritance Hierarchies 	 83Lazy Class 	 83Speculative Generality 	 83Temporary Field 	 84Message Chains 	 84Middle Man 	 85Inappropriate Intimacy 	 85Alternative Classes with Different Interfaces	 	 85Incomplete Library Class 	 86Data Class 	 86Refused Bequest 	 87Comments 	 87Chapter 4: Building Tests	 89The Value of Self-testing Code 	 89The JUnit Testing Framework 	 91Adding More Tests	 97Chapter 5: Toward a Catalog of Refactorings 	 103Format of the Refactorings	 103Finding References 	 105How Mature Are These Refactorings? 	 106Chapter 6: Composing Methods	 109Extract Method 	 110Inline Method 	 117CONTENTSInline Temp	 119Replace Temp with Query 	 120Introduce Explaining Variable 	 124Split Temporary Variable 	 128Remove Assignments to Parameters 	 131Replace Method with Method Object 	 135Substitute Algorithm 	 139Chapter 7: Moving Features Between Objects	 141Move Method 	 142Move Field 	 146Extract Class 	 149Inline Class 	 154Hide Delegate 	  157Remove Middle Man 	 160Introduce Foreign Method 	 162Introduce Local Extension 	 164Chapter 8: Organizing Data 	 169Self Encapsulate Field 	  171Replace Data Value with Object 	  175Change Value to Reference 	  179Change Reference to Value 	  183Replace Array with Object 	  186Duplicate Observed Data 	 189Change Unidirectional Association to Bidirectional 	  197Change Bidirectional Association to Unidirectional 	 200Replace Magic Number with Symbolic Constant 	 204Encapsulate Field 	 206Encapsulate Collection 	 208Replace Record with Data Class 	 217Replace Type Code with Class 	 218Replace Type Code with Subclasses 	 223Replace Type Code with State/Strategy 	 227Replace Subclass with Fields 	 232er CONTENTSChapter 9: Simplifying Conditional Expressions 	 237Decompose Conditional 	 238Consolidate Conditional Expression	 	 240Consolidate Duplicate Conditional Fragments 	 243Remove Control Flag 	 245Replace Nested Conditional with Guard Clauses 	 250Replace Conditional with Polymorphism 	 255Introduce Null Object 	 260Introduce Assertion 	 267Chapter 10: Malring Method Calls Simpler 	 271Rename Method 	 273Add Parameter 	 275Remove Parameter 	 277Separate Query from Modifier 	 279Parameterize Method 	 283Replace Parameter with Explicit Methods 	 285Preserve Whole Object 	 288Replace Parameter with Method 	292Introduce Parameter Object 	 295Remove Setting Method 	 300Hide Method 	 303Replace Constructor with Factory Method 	 304Encapsulate Downcast 	 308Replace Error Code with Exception 	 310Replace Exception with Test 	 315Chapter 11: Dealing with Generalization 	 319Pull Up Field	 	 320Pull Up Method 	 322Pull Up Constructor Body 	 325Push Down Method 	 328Push Down Field 	 329Extract Subclass 	 330Extract Superclass	 	 336Extract Interface	 341vvCONTENTSCollapse Hierarchy 	 344Form Template Method 	 345Replace Inheritance with Delegation 	 352Replace Delegation with Inheritance 	  355Chapter 12: Big Refactorings (by Kent Beck and Martin Fowler) 	  359Tease Apart Inheritance 	 362Convert Procedural Design to Objects 	 368Separate Domain from Presentation 	 370Extract Hierarchy 	 375Chapter 13: Refactoring, Reuse, andReality (by William Opdyke)	379A Reality Check 	 380Why Are Developers Reluctant to RefactorTheir Programs? 	 381A Reality Check (Revisited) 	  394Resources and References for Refactoring 	 394Implications Regarding Software Reuseand Technology Transfer 	 395A Final Note 	 397References 	 397Chapter 14: Refactoring Tools (by Don Roberts and John Brant) 	  401Refactoring with a Tool 	 401Technical Criteria for a Refactoring Tool 	 403Practical Criteria for a Refactoring Tool 	 405Wrap Up 	 407Chapter 15: Putting It All Together (by Kent Beck) 	 409References	413List of Soundbites 	 417Index 	 419

Refactoring: improving the design of existing code

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