The genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance and correlation coefficient were estimated for yield and quality traits in twenty five ginger germplasm. Wide genetic variation was observed for all genotypes for yield per plant, plant height and days taken to harvest. Considering genetic parameters, high GCV was found highest for acidity (42.94%) followed by oleoresin content (37.50%), ascorbic acid content (34.78%) and yield per plant (23.81g), respectively. In all cases, phenotypic variances were higher than the genotypic variances. Based on high heritability coefficient (h2 b.s.) coupled with high genetic advance as % of mean, oleoresin content (0.98, 76.36%), ascorbic acid content (0.97, 70.42), acidity % (0.93, 85.45%), TSS per cent (0.90, 43.71) and yield per plant (0.87, 45.69) were found superior traits and representing additive genetic variance. Effective selection would be made considering these traits. Genotypic correlation coefficient revealed that rhizome yield had significant positive correlation with length of primary finger (0.40), ascorbic acid content (0.37), number of primary fingers (0.35), plant height (0.36) and diameter of primary finger (0.31)

A. CHATTERJEE

D. K. BARANWAL

KUMAR, SANTOSH

RAVISHANKER

S. S. SOLANKEY

English

The Bioscan

NSave Nature to Survive8(4): 1383-1386, 2013 (Supplement on Genetics & Plant Breeding)www.thebioscan.in1383GENETIC VARIABILITY FOR YIELD AND QUALITY TRAITS INGINGER (ZINGIBER OFFICINALE ROSCOE)RAVISHANKER1, SANTOSH KUMAR1, A. CHATTERJEE2  D. K. BARANWAL3 AND S. S. SOLANKEY4*1Department of Horticulture,Narendra Dev University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Faizabad - 224  229, U. P., INDIA2Division of Crop Improvement, Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi - 221 305, U. P., INDIA3Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics,Bihar Agricultural University, Bhagalpur - 813210, Bihar, INDIA*4Department of Horticulture (Vegetable and Floriculture),Bihar Agricultural University, Bhagalpur - 813 210, Bihar, INDIAe-mail: shashank.hort@gmail.comINTRODUCTIONGinger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) is an important delicacy,medicine, spice and monocotyledonous perennial herbbelonging to the family Zingiberaceae. It is a valuable cashcrop and widely used due to its pleasant pungent and spicyaroma required in the manufacture of a number of by products.Ginger plays an important role in Indian Ayurvedic medicineas a folk remedy to promote cleaning of the body throughperspiration and stimulate cold treatments whereas ginger oilobtained from dry ginger powder is primarily used as aflavouring agent in confectionary, preservation as well asmedicine.It is basic need to develop high yielding varieties with betterquality to increase the production and productivity of gingerin India. The available germplasm serves as most valuablenatural reservoir for providing donor parent to improve theparticular traits by genetic reconstruction of plant (Hawkes,1981). Therefore, collection, conservation and evaluation ofgermplasm are essential for present as well as future cropimprovement programmes.It is urgent need to exploit the existing ginger germplasm forassessing genetic variability, heritability and correlation.Rhizome yield is a complex trait depends upon a number ofyield component and their association. Magnitude andABSTRACTThe genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance and correlation coefficient were estimated for yield andquality traits in twenty five ginger germplasm. Wide genetic variation was observed for all genotypes for yield perplant, plant height and days taken to harvest. Considering genetic parameters, high GCV was found highest foracidity (42.94%) followed by oleoresin content (37.50%), ascorbic acid content (34.78%) and yield per plant(23.81g), respectively. In all cases, phenotypic variances were higher than the genotypic variances. Based on highheritability coefficient (h2 b.s.) coupled with high genetic advance as % of mean, oleoresin content (0.98,76.36%), ascorbic acid content (0.97, 70.42), acidity % (0.93, 85.45%), TSS per cent (0.90, 43.71) and yield perplant (0.87, 45.69) were found superior traits and representing additive genetic variance. Effective selectionwould be made considering these traits. Genotypic correlation coefficient revealed that rhizome yield hadsignificant positive correlation with length of primary finger (0.40), ascorbic acid content (0.37), number ofprimary fingers (0.35), plant height (0.36) and diameter of primary finger (0.31).KEYWORDSGingerANOVACorrelationGCV, PCVQuality componentsReceived on :26.07.2013Accepted on :17.10.2013*Correspondingauthordirection of association between two or more componentresult correlation coefficient. Correlation coefficient analysisreveals better understanding of yield component and assistsin effective selection and hybridization programmes as similarreported by Johnson et al. (1955) and Singh et al. (1985).Keeping this in background, the present paper deals with thegenetic variability for yield and quality traits in ginger.MATERIALS AND METHODSThe present experiment was conducted under net house atmain experiment station of Department of Vegetable Science,Narendra Dev University of Agriculture and Technology,Kumarganj, Faizabad (U.P.), India during kharif season, 2007-08 and 2008-09 to characterize twenty five ginger accessionscollected from different locations of India in Randomized BlockDesign (RBD) with three replications (Table 1). Theexperimental site is located in between 24.47° and 26.56° Nlatitude and 82.12° and 83.98° E longitude having elevationof 113 m above the mean sea level in the Gangetic alluvialplains of eastern Uttar Pradesh which falls under humid sub-tropical climate. The experimental field had sandy loam, slightlyalkaline soil (pH 8.0), low in organic carbon and nitrogen,medium in phosphorus and potassium. The experimental fieldwas prepared by harrowing with hand hoeing followed byleveling whereas well decomposed manure F.Y.M @ 15 tonnes1384RAVISHANKER et al.,per hectare were applied at 30 days before sowing. Selectedrhizomes of large shiny, free from spots or marks bud or eyeinjury were cut into pieces of 3-5cm in the length, 15- 20gm inweight and at least one sound bud treated with fungicide likecarbendazim or mancozeb by dissolving 30 gm of thechemicals in 15 litres water as a safeguard against soft rot andto induce early sprouting as similar reported by Ravishankeret al., 2013. Single row of 1.40 m plot with the spacing of 40cm row to row and 20cm plant to plant was maintained. Theeach germplasm pieces were sown on 18th may in 2007 andirrigation was done at weekly interval during summer as perrequirement. Recommended package and protective measureswere followed to raise healthy crops. The data were recordedfrom five randomly selected plants from each treatment ineach replication and replication wise mean data was used forstatistical analysis for thirteen diverse traits viz. plant height(cm), girth of plant (cm), days taken to harvest, number ofprimary fingers, length of primary fingers (cm), diameter ofprimary fingers (cm), numbers of secondary fingers, TSS (%),acidity (%), ascorbic acid content (mg/100g of edible portion),dry rhizome recovery (%), oleoresin content (%) and freshyield per plant (g).The analysis of variance (ANOVA) for RBD was estimatedaccording to Panse and Sukhtame (1989) (Table 2). Thegenotypic and phenotypic variances were calculatedaccording to Johnson et al. (1955) and Comstock andRobinson (1952). Genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) andphenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) were calculated bythe method suggested by Singh and Chaudhary (1985)whereas heritability in broad sense for yield and itscomponents were worked out by using formula suggested byHanson et al. (1956). Genetic advance (GA) was calculatedby the method suggested by Johnson et al. (1955). Genotypicand phenotypic correlations were partitioned using thetechnique outlined by Dewey and Lu (1959).RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONExtreme significant treatment variance was found for all 13diverse traits (Table 2). High GCV was found for acidity,oleoresin content, ascorbic acid, yield per plant and T.S.S.(Table 2). Based on genetic variability analysis, only sixgenotypes out of twenty five genotypes viz. Sultanpur-2, FZD-2, NDG-41, NDG-8, NDG-22 and NDG-18 were found to bemost promising for rhizome yield and quality traits. In general,PCV estimates were higher than GCV estimates for all studiedtraits (Table 3). The GCV was found highest for acidity (%)(42.94) followed by oleoresin content (37.50), ascorbic acidcontent (34.78) and yield per plant (23.81), respectively. Itindicates that the presence of maximum amount of geneticvariability which emphasized the wide scope of selection forthe improvement of these characters (Ravishanker et al., 2013).The influence of environment was expected to be minimumwhen difference between GCV and PCV was less in magnitudeTable 1: Collection of 25 indigenous ginger genotypes from selected areas of IndiaS. No. Accessions Area of collection1. DEO-1, DEO-2, DEO-3 Deoria district, U.P.2. FZD-1, FZD-2, NDG-6, NDG-8, NDG-12, NDG-14, NDG-16, NDG-18, NDG-22, NDG-35, Faizabad district, U.P.NDG-36, NDG-39, NDG-41, NDG-533. Suprabha, V2E5-2, PGS-8 Calicut district, Kerala4. JNP-1, JNP-2, JNP-3 Jaunpur district, U.P.5. Sultanpur-1, Sultanpur-2 Sultanpur district, U.P.Table 2: ANOVA for yield and quality contributing 13 diverse traits in gingerSource d.f. Plant Girth of Days No. of Length of Diameter of No. of TSS  Acidity Ascorbic Dry matter Oleoresin Yield/height plant takento primary primary primary secondary (%) (%) acid content content content plant (fresh)(cm) (cm) harvest finger finger finger finger (mg/100g) (%) (%) (g)Replications 2 391.03 0.00 898.62 0.14 0.06 0.03 0.15 0.07 0.00 0.21 0.14 1.37 1232.56Treatments 24 276.01** 0.04* 354.19** 1.60* 0.48* 0.18* 1.81* 11.44* 0.14* 7.68* 13.70** 12.75** 4505.67**Error 48 63.31 0.00 278.09 0.07 0.05 0.01 0.10 0.40 0.003 0.08 1.50 0.09 218.02Table 3: Mean, genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variability, heritability (broad sense) and genetic advance of yield and qualitycontributing traits in gingerTraits Grand mean Genotypic Phenotypic Coefficient of variability Heritability Genetic Genetic(X) ± SE variance variance ECV GCV PCV (broad advance advance asVg Vp sense) % of meanPlant height (cm) 92.97±4.59 70.90 134.21 8.56 9.06 12.46 0.53 12.61 13.56Girth of plant (cm) 0.96±0.47 0.01 0.02 8.37 11.84 14.50 0.67 0.19 19.91Days taken to harvest 257.28± 9.63 25.37 303.46 6.48 1.96 6.78 0.08 3.00 1.17No. of primary finger 3.91 ± 0.16 0.51 0.58 6.92 18.29 19.56 0.88 1.38 35.25Length of primary finger 3.83 ± 0.14 0.14 0.20 6.39 9.89 11.78 0.71 0.66 17.11Diameter of primary finger 2.16 ± 0.06 0.06 0.07 4.73 11.27 12.22 0.85 0.46 21.41No. of secondary finger 4.55 ± 0.18 0.57 0.67 7.03 16.62 18.04 0.85 1.43 31.52TSS (%) 8.59 ± 0.37 3.68 4.08 7.38 23.35 23.53 0.90 3.75 43.71 Acidity (%) 0.50 ± 0.03 0.05 0.05 11.55 42.94 44.46 0.93 0.43 85.41Ascorbic acid content (mg/100g) 4.58 ± 0.71 2.53 2.62 6.51 34.78 35.38 0.97 3.23 70.42Dry matter content (%) 17.75 ± 0.71 4.07 5.57 6.91 11.36 13.30 0.73 3.55 20.00Oleoresin content (%) 5.48 ± 0.18 4.22 4.32 5.72 37.50 37.93 0.98 4.18 76.36Yield per plant (fresh) (g) 158.78 ± 8.53 1429.22 1647.25 9.30 23.81 25.57 0.87 72.54 45.691385GENETIC VARIABILITY IN GINGERfor all studied characters as similar reported by Pandey andDobhal (1993); Tiwari (2003) and Singh and Mittal (2003).Genotypic variance were highest for yield per plant (fresh)(1429.22) followed by plant height (70.90) and days taken toharvest (25.37), respectively (Table 3). High heritability withlow genetic advance in per cent of mean was observed for no.of secondary branches, diameter of primary finger and girth ofplant which indicated the involvement of non-additive geneaction for the expression of these traits and selection for suchtrait might not be rewarding. Based on high heritabilitycoefficient (h2 bs) along with high genetic advance as percentof mean, oleoresin content (0.98, 76.36%), ascorbic acidcontent (0.97, 70.42), acidity % (0.93, 85.45%), TSS per cent(0.90, 43.71) and yield per plant (0.87, 45.69) were foundsuperior traits and representing additive genetic variance (Table3)  therefore, effective selection can be made for these traits assimilar reported by Singh, et al., 2003; Yadav, 1999; Mohantyand Sarma, 1979; Rao et al., 2004 and Baranwal et al., 2012.Architecture of ginger rhizome as well as other tuber crops isbasic selection parameter based on overall net effect producedby various yield components directly or indirectly byinteracting with each another. Genotypic correlation coefficientrevealed that rhizome yield had significant positive correlationwith length of primary finger (0.40), ascorbic acid content(0.37), plant height (0.36), no. of primary fingers (0.35) anddiameter of primary finger (0.31). Among component traits,positive and significant association was observed betweenplant height with no. of primary finger (0.49) and total solublesolid (TSS) (0.40); length of primary finger with girth of plant(0.35) and no. of primary finger (0.32); TSS with no. ofsecondary finger (0.32) and dry matter content (0.40); aciditywith diameter of primary finger (0.25), days taken to harvest(0.49) and ascorbic acid content(0.42); no. of secondary fingerwith oleoresin content (0.27) as similar reported by Mohantyand Sharma (1979); Mukhopadhyay and Roy (1986); Yadavand Singh (1987); Chandra and Govind (1999); Singh (2001)Table 4: Genotypic and phenotypic correlation coefficient between yield and quality contributing traits in ginger Traits Girth of Days No. of Length of Diameter No. of TSS  Acidity Ascorbic Dry matter Oleoresin Yield perplant taken to primary primary of primary secondary (%) (%) acid content content content plant (fresh)(cm)  harvest finger finger finger finger (mg/100g) (%) (%) (g)Plant height (cm) rp 0.15 -0.06 0.35** 0.19 0.17 0.06 0.30* -0.04 0.17 -0.07 0.19 0.23*rg 0.26* 0.11 0.49** 0.19 0.13 0.17 0.40** -0.06 0.20 -0.25* 0.27* 0.36*Girth of plant (cm) rp 0.02 0.05 0.28* 0.25 -0.11 0.07 -0.16 -0.26* 0.10 -0.18 -0.10rg 0.31* 0.02 0.35** 0.38 -0.03 0.04 -0.24 -0.31* 0.12 -0.22 -0.04Days taken to harvest rp -0.24* 0.06 0.12 0.00 0.08 0.10 -0.24* -0.10 0.08 0.09rg -0.55** 0.25* 0.31* 0.04 0.30* 0.49** -0.72** -0.38** 0.09 -0.11No. of primary finger rp 0.22* -0.07 0.31* 0.11 -0.27* 0.08 0.26 -0.01 0.27*rg 0.32* -0.06 0.40** 0.14 -0.26* 0.08 0.33 0.01 0.35**Length of primary finger rp 0.09 0.00 -0.13 0.14 0.02 -0.01 -0.16 0.27*rg 0.11 -0.01 -0.19 0.13 0.02 -0.04 -0.21 0.40**Diameter of primary Finger finger rp 0.05 0.03 0.24* 0.18 -0.14 -0.18 0.28*rg 0.06 0.02 0.25* 0.18 -0.14 -0.21 0.31*No. of secondary finger rp 0.29* -0.13 -0.09 0.19 0.25* 0.03rg 0.32* -0.15 -0.07 0.32** 0.27* 0.01TSS (%) rp -0.03 0.10 0.32** 0.26* -0.08rg -0.04 0.12 0.40** 0.28* -0.05 Acidity (%) rp 0.39** -0.19 -0.31* 0.05rg 0.42** -0.24* -0.32* 0.07Ascorbic acid content (mg/100g) rp 0.02 -0.06 0.32*rg 0.02 -0.07 0.37**Dry matter content (%) rp 0.07 0.17rg 0.09 0.21Oleoresin content (%) rp -0.08rg -0.09and Abraham and Latha(2003). Among component traits,negative and significant association was observed betweenacidity with number of primary finger  (-0.26) and oleoresincontent (-0.32); ascorbic acid content with girth of plant (-0.31)and days taken to harvest(-0.72) ; dry matter content withdays taken to harvest (-0.38) (Table 4).Continuous selection for yield and quality traits is known forfixing of genetic variability in crop plants (Desclaux, 2005).The present study indicated a broad genetic base in the gingergermplasm of India. This finding is in agreement with thefindings of Jatoi et al., (2006) who observed high degree ofgenetic variation in Asian collection of ginger.REFERENCESAbraham, Z. and Latha, M. 2003. Correlation and path analysis inginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.). J. Spices and Aromatic Crops. 12(2):187-189.Baranwal, D. K., Mishra, V. K., Vishwakarma, M. K., Yadav, P. S.and Arun, B. 2012. 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GENETIC VARIABILITY FOR YIELD AND QUALITY TRAITS IN GINGER (ZINGIBER OFFICINALE ROSCOE)

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GENETIC VARIABILITY FOR YIELD AND QUALITY TRAITS IN GINGER (ZINGIBER OFFICINALE ROSCOE)

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