Greiner, Walter

Neise, Ludwig

Stöcker, H

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Walter Greiner I Ludwig Neise 1 Horst StöckerTHERMODYNAM ICSANDSTATISTICAL MECHANICSWith 186 figuresSpringerContentsForeword	vPreface vii1 Thermodynamics	 11. Equilibrium and State Quantities 3Introduction	 3Systems, phases and state quantities	 4Equilibrium and temperature—the zeroth law of thermodynamics	 6Kinetic theory of the ideal gas	 10Pressure, work and chemical potential 	 13Heat and heat capacity 	 15The equation of state for a real gas	 17Specific heat	 20Changes of state—reversible and irreversible processes 	 23Exact and inexact differentials, line integrals 	 252. The Laws of Thermodynamics 33The first law	 33Carnot's process and entropy	 37Entropy and the second law	 41Insertion: Microscopic interpretation of entropy and of the second law	 43Global and local equilibrium 	 51Thermodynamic engines	 52Euler's equation and the Gibbs-Duhem relation 	 58ixCONTENTS3. Phase Transitions and Chemical Reactions	62Gibbs' Phase Rule	 62Phase equilibrium and the Maxwell construction 67The law of mass action 70Application of the laws of thermodynamics	804. Thermodynamic Potentials	 84The principle of maximum entropy 84Entropy and energy as thermodynamic potentials	85The Legendre transformation 87The free energy	 91The enthalpy 95The free enthalpy 101The grand potential 107The transformation of all variables	 108The Maxwell relations 108Jacobi transformations 115Thermodynamic stability 11811 Statistical Mechanics	 1215. Number of Microstates 2 and Entropy S	123Foundations	 123Phase space 124Statistical definition of entropy 127Gibbs' paradox 132Pseudo quantum mechanical counting of 2	1356. Ensemble Theory and Microcanonical Ensemble 142Phase-space density, ergodic hypothesis 142Liouville's theorem	 145The microcanonical ensemble 147Entropy as an ensemble average 149The uncertainty function 1507. The Canonical Ensemble	 159General foundation of the Gibbs correction factor	164Systems of noninteracting partiales 170Calculation of observables as ensemble averages 177Connection between microcanonical and canonical ensembles 186CONTENTS	xiFluctuations	 191Virial theorem and equipartition theorem 	 194For better understanding: canonical ensemble as the mean value of allpossible distributions	 2008. Applications of Boltzmann Statistics 208Quantum Systems in Boltzmann Statistics 	 208Paramagnetism	 214Negative temperatures in two-level systems	 223Gases with internal degrees of freedom	225Relativistic ideal gas	2349. The Macrocanonical Ensemble 240Fluctuations in the macrocanonical ensemble 	 248UI Quantum Statistics	 25510. Density Operators 257Fundamentals	 257Pure and mixed states 	 261Properties of the density matrix	 266The density operators of quantum statistics	 27011. The Symmetry Character of Many-Particle Wavefunctions	28512. Grand Canonical Description of Ideal Quantum Systems 29713. The Ideal Bose Gas	 314Ultrarelativistic Bose gas	 32514. Ideal Fermi Gas 341The degenerate Fermi gas	 347Supplement: Natural units 	 385Xii	 CONTENTS15. Applications of Relativistic Bose and Fermi Gases	387Quark—gluon plasma in the Big Bang and in heavy-ion collisions	 387IV Real Gases and Phase Transitions 39916. Real Gases	 401For absorption: Mayer's cluster expansion	 404Virial expansion	 41417. Classification of Phase Transitions 416Theorem of corresponding states	 422Critical indices	 424Examples for phase transitions	 42518. The Models of !sing and Heisenberg 436Index 457

Thermodynamics and statistical mechanics

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