Nuts and bolts of supersymmetry

Abstract

A topological mechanism is a zero elastic-energy deformation of a mechanical structure that is robust against smooth changes in system parameters. Here, we map the nonlinear elasticity of a paradigmatic class of topological mechanisms onto linear fermionic models using a supersymmetric field theory introduced by Witten and Olive. Heuristically, this approach consists of taking the square root of a non-linear Hamiltonian and generalizes the standard procedure of obtaining two copies of Dirac equation from the square root of the linear Klein Gordon equation. Our real space formalism goes beyond topological band theory by incorporating non-linearities and spatial inhomogeneities, such as domain walls, where topological states are typically localized. By viewing the two components of the real fermionic field as site and bond displacements respectively, we determine the relation between the supersymmetry transformations and the Bogomolny-Prasad-Sommerfield (BPS) bound saturated by the mechanism. We show that the mechanical constraint, which enforces a BPS saturated kink into the system, simultaneously precludes an anti-kink. This mechanism breaks the usual kink-antikink symmetry and can be viewed as a manifestation of the underlying supersymmetry being half-broken.Comment: 14 pages, 5 figure