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Scaling limits of k-ary growing trees

Abstract

For each integer k2k \geq 2, we introduce a sequence of kk-ary discrete trees constructed recursively by choosing at each step an edge uniformly among the present edges and grafting on "its middle" k1k-1 new edges. When k=2k=2, this corresponds to a well-known algorithm which was first introduced by R\'emy. Our main result concerns the asymptotic behavior of these trees as nn becomes large: for all kk, the sequence of kk-ary trees grows at speed n1/kn^{1/k} towards a kk-ary random real tree that belongs to the family of self-similar fragmentation trees. This convergence is proved with respect to the Gromov-Hausdorff-Prokhorov topology. We also study embeddings of the limiting trees when kk varies

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