Simarouba glauca is a medicinal plant native to India and other tropical regions of South and Central America. Although this plant is widely used to cure many diseases, a systematic study is lacking to understand its medicinal value. Thus, we focused on analysing the phytochemical composition of S. glauca leaf extracts and evaluating in vitro anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities using standard bioassays. The anti-inflammatory activity was conducted using protein denaturation assay, heat-induced hemolysis and lipoxygenase inhibitory assays, which revealed IC50 values of 328 µg/mL, 342.6 µg/mL and 432.1 µg/mL, for the aqueous, ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts, respectively. For antioxidant activity, the aqueous, ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts demonstrated scavenging activity against DPPH and ABTS radicals, with IC50 values of 180.7 ?g/mL, 209.7 ?g/mL and 678.2 ?g/mL for DPPH and 75.3 µg/mL, 83.9 µg/mL and 225.8 ?g/mL for ABTS, respectively. Further, the FRAP assay showed scavenging activity of 72.28±0.76 ?g/28 mL, 72.5±0.75?g/mL and 16.8±0.58 µg/mL and the phosphomolybdate method exhibited significant antioxidant activity of 80.0 ± 0.87 µg/mL, 81.39 ± 0.69 µg/mL and 47.17 ± 0.58 µg/mL, respectively. All these results indicate that aqueous and ethanol extracts of S. glauca leaf display potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities and thus could further be explored for its utility as a therapeutic agent
