In South Africa much policy attention is focused on the potential of the small, medium and micro-enterprise
(SMME) economy for job creation. Nevertheless, despite government support for the SMME economy, high
mortality rates are experienced by start-up enterprises. In common with international experience South Africa
has adopted business incubation as a strategic tool for assisting the survival as well as building the
competitiveness of SMMEs. This article analyses the state of business incubation in South Africa drawing
attention to marked differences between the groups of public sector business incubators as opposed to those
business incubators which have been initiated by the private sector