Physico-mathematical foundations of relativistic cosmology

Abstract

I briefly present the foundations of relativistic cosmology, which are, General Relativity Theory and the Cosmological Principle. I discuss some relativistic models, namely, "Einstein static universe" and "Friedmann universes". The classical bibliographic references for the relevant tensorial demonstrations are indicated whenever necessary, although the calculations themselves are not shown.Comment: 12 pages, no figure. Portuguese version published by Revista Brasileira de Ensino de Fisica (Brazilian Journal of Physics Teaching) at http://www.sbfisica.org.br/rbef/pdf/353302.pd