Intraoperative augmented reality assistance for percutaneous nephrolithotomy—what evidence is emerging?

Abstract

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is often considered the gold standard for the management of large nephrolithiasis greater than 2 cm, that would otherwise be unable to be treated (1). This process involves puncturing the affected kidney with an introducer trochar, thereby permitting the passage of instruments to clear the stones.Full Tex