Mann, M.E.

van der Merwe, F.H.

Wintec Research Archive

See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/287195614Maximal isometric lower body strength and vertical jump performance instarting and bench semi-elite male basketball playersConference Paper · November 2015CITATIONS0READS1172 authors:Frans H Van der MerweWaikato Institute of Technology11 PUBLICATIONS   4 CITATIONS   SEE PROFILEMichael E MannThe Universal College of Learning13 PUBLICATIONS   262 CITATIONS   SEE PROFILEAll content following this page was uploaded by Frans H Van der Merwe on 17 December 2015.The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.MAXIMAL ISOMETRIC LOWERBODY STRENGTH AND VERTICAL JUMP PERFORMANCE IN STARTING AND BENCH SEMI-ELITE MALE BASKETBALL PLAYERS  Frans van der Merwe , Michael Mann  Department of Exercise & Sport Science, UCOL, Palmerston North, New Zealand  F.vandermerwe@ucol.ac.nz 2015 ASCA Conference, Gold Coast, Australia   METHODS METHODS CONCLUSIONS INTRODUCTION RESULTS Design: Observational cross-sectional analysis  Subjects: 10 semi-professional male basketball players, five starting  (24.8±3.7yrs; 196.2±9.6cm; 96.96±16.82kg),and five bench  players  (20.6±1.5yrs; 196.2±6.2cm; 90.36±14.33kg) with a minimum of  one year experience playing at the semi-professional level.  Testing: All tests were performed during a single testing session following  48 hrs of rest. Tests performed were: • Squat Jump (Jump height, Peak force, Peak velocity, Peak power) • Countermovement Jump (Jump height, Peak force, Peak velocity, Peak power) • Isometric Mid-thigh Pull (Peak force, max Rate of force development, Impulse100, Impulse200, Impulse 300, Total impulse) Squat jump, countermovement jump and Isometric mid-thigh pull variables was determined using a portable force plate sampling at 600 Hz (400 Series Performance Plate, Fitness Technology, Adelaide, Australia) with data interpreted using the Ballistic Measurement system software (Fitness Technology. Adelaide, Australia).  Analysis:  Two-tailed independent t tests were used to assess the  differences  between the means of the starter and bench  groups  (5). Effect sizes were also calculated according to  Cohen’s d formula. Effect sizes were interpreted as trivial (˂  0.19), small  (0.20 – 0.59), moderate (0.60 – 1.19), large (1.20  – 1.99), and very large (2.0 – 4.0)(3). Additionally, 95%  confidence intervals were used to ascertain the certainty with  which effects occurred. Basketball is a court-based sport consisting of high intensity, powerful activities such as jumping, change of direction (COD), sprinting as well as sport specific movements (10). Research has found that different basketball playing positions showcase different strength, power, speed and agility characteristics relative to their demands (2) and that individuals who are stronger, jump higher, are faster or more agile in general played more minutes than other individuals in their position (4). The optimal development of a basketballer’s strength, power, speed and COD would thus appear to be beneficial to performance.   The interaction between strength, power and COD is gaining more attention of late from both researchers and strength and conditioning practitioners who are all looking to give their athletes the edge (1, 6). A number of these studies have investigated the relationship between isometric strength and power to vertical jump performance (7, 11).   The differences in maximal isometric lower body strength and vertical jump performance in starting and bench basketball players has not been examined before. Therefore, the comparison of isometric lower body strength and power is required to identify whether specific physical qualities differentiate between these athletes. This will allow coaches to identify weaknesses within muscular performance and implement specific training protocols to develop these qualities to an appropriate standard. According to the results of this study strength and conditioning coaches should aim to maximise impulse and RFD by designing programs which incorporate explosive weighted and un-weighted exercises e.g. plyometric and Olympic lifts (7, 8). In addition, the testing of RFD and impulses as part of an informed physiological testing battery is also advised when working with higher level athletes. References  1. Brughelli, M., Cronin, J., Levin, G. & Chaouachi A. Understanding change of direction ability in sport. Sports Medicine. 38(12):1045-63. 2008. 2. Delextrat, A. & Cohen, D. Strength, power, speed, and agility of women basketball players according to playing position. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 23(7):1974-81. 2009. 3. Flanagan, E.P. The effect size statistic—Applications for the strength and conditioning coach. Strength and Conditioning Journal. 35(5):37-40. 2013. 4. Hoffman, J.R., Tenenbaum, G., Maresh, C.M. & Kraemer, W.J. Relationship between athletic performance tests and playing time in elite college basketball players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 10(2):67-71. 1996. 5. Hopkins, W. (2006). A new view of statistics: Calculations for reliability. Sportscience. Retrieved 25 September 2015, from http://sportsci.org/resource/stats/relycalc.html. 6. Nimphius, S., McGuigan, M.R. & Newton, R.U. Relationship between strength, power, speed, and change of direction performance of female softball players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 24(4):885-95. 2010. 7. Nuzzo, J.L., McBride, J.M., Cormie, P. & McCaulley, G.O. Relationship between countermovement jump performance and multijoint isometric and dynamic tests of strength. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 22(3):699-707. 2008. 8. Simenz, C.J., Dugan, C.A. & Ebben, W.P. Strength and conditioning practices of National Basketball Association strength and conditioning coaches. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 19(3):495-504. 2005. 9. Spiteri, T., Newton, R.U., Binetti, M., Hart, N.H., Sheppard, J.M. & Nimphius, S. Mechanical determinants of faster change of direction and agility performance in female basketball athletes. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 29(8):2205-14. 2015. 10. Spiteri, T.B., Nimphius, S. & Specos, C. Physical determinants of elite female basketball players. Journal of Australian Strength and Conditioning. 22(5):124-6. 2014. 11. Thomas, C., Jones, P.A., Rothwell, J., Chiang, C-Y. & Comfort, P. An Investigation into the relationship between maximum isometric strength and vertical jump performance. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research.29(8):2176-85. 2015.  DISCUSSION Findings from the current study indicate that starting players demonstrate significantly greater relative SJ PV (p ≤ 0.05). Large effect sizes were found for age, relative I100, relative I200, relative I300 and SJ PV and moderate effect sizes were found for CMJ PV and SJ jump height. There was no significant difference in force production for the two groups during the study for any of the tests. The greater relative impulses and mRFD exhibited by the starting group shows that starters generate force faster than bench players which may lead to faster execution of skills on court. The findings of this study are similar to previous research indicating that elite athletes exhibited greater RFD and impulses than less experienced athletes (9).  A limitation in this study may be the small subject pool and age range of the subjects who participated in this research. Future research should focus on investigating the determining factors that can improve performance on these variables. Table 1 - Comparison between starting and bench semi-professional basketball players in relative isometric mid-thigh pull, countermovement jump, and squat jump force-time velocity-time variables.   Starters (n = 5) Bench (n = 5) p value Cohen Effect Size [95% CI] Body Mass (kg) 96.96 ± 16.82 90.36 ± 10.28 0.52 0.47 [-13.73, 26.93] Age (years) 24.80 ± 3.71 20.60 ± 1.50 0.09 1.48** [0.07, 8.33]  Isometric mid-thigh pull     IPF (N.kg-1) 29.77 ± 2.68 30.84 ± 4.85 0.71 -0.27 [-6.78, 4.64] mRFD (N.kg-1.s-1) 152.06 ± 69.00 125.54 ± 31.87 0.51 0.49 [-51.86, 104.90] I100 (N.kg.s) 1.23 ± 0.13 1.07 ± 0.11 0.09 1.33** [-0.02, 0.34] I200 (N.kg.s) 2.79 ± 0.57 2.16 ± 0.26 0.09 1.42** [-0.02, 1.28] I300 (N.kg.s) 4.63 ± 1.21 3.33 ± 0.54 0.10 1.39** [-0.07, 2.67] Total Impulse (N.kg.s) 85.33 ± 7.18 86.53 ± 4.55 0.79 -0.20 [-9.97, 7.57]      Countermovement Jump     PV (m.s-1) 2.74 ± 0.12 2.63 ± 0.17 0.34 0.75 [-0.10, 0.32] PF (N.kg-1) 22.74 ± 1.70 23.61± 2.5 0.58 -0.41 [-3.99, 2.25] PP (W.Kg-1) 50.08 ± 4.51 49.47 ± 6.24 0.88 0.11 [-7.33, 8.55] Jump Height (m) 0.35 ± 0.02 0.36 ± 0.05 0.79 -0.26 [-0.07, 0.05]      Squat Jump     PV (m.s-1) 2.89 ± 0.2 2.58 ± 0.16 0.04* 1.71** [0.05, 0.57] PF (N.kg-1) 27.22 ± 5.07 25.03 ± 3.58 0.50 0.50 [-4.21, 8.59] PP (W.Kg-1) 56.87 ± 6.22 52.84 ± 8.08 0.45 0.56 [-6.49, 14.55] Jump Height (m) 0.36 ± 0.03 0.31 ± 0.07 0.26 0.93 [-0.03, 0.13] Values are expressed as mean ± SD. IPF = isometric peak force; mRFD = maximum rate of force development; I100 = impulse 100 ms; I200 = impulse 200 ms; I300 = Impulse 300 ms; PV = peak velocity; PF = peak force; PP = peak power * Significant difference at p ≤ 0.05. ** Large magnitude of effect size     View publication stats

Maximal isometric body strength and vertical jump performance in starting and bench semi-elite male basketball players

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Maximal isometric body strength and vertical jump performance in starting and bench semi-elite male basketball players

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