Ethanolic and Aqueous extract of ArisaemaLeschenaultii was evaluated for its Antiulcer activity against naproxen induced ulcer. Different extracts of blume of A. leschenaultii gave dose dependent increase in anti-ulcer activity against naproxen induced ulcer. Ethanolic extract of blume of A. leschenaultii showed better ulcer inhibition (55.8%) as compared to AEAL (36.5%). The present investigation revealed that ArisaemaLeschenaultii exhibited significant antiulcer activity by enhancing antioxidant potential of gastric mucosa thereby reducing mucosal damage

M.K.Panigrahi

VInay Jain

English

International Journal of Phytomedicine

   International Journal of Phytomedicine 4 (2012) 437-440 http://www.arjournals.org/index.php/ijpm/index  Original Research Article              Evaluation of Anti-Ulcer Activity of ArisaemaLeschenaultii  VInay Jain*1and M.K.Panigrahi2  *Corresponding author:  Vinay Jain   1Berhampur University, Berhampur, Orissa, India 2Hi-tech College of Pharmacy, Bhubneswar, Orissa, India      A b s t r a c t  Ethanolic and Aqueous extract of ArisaemaLeschenaultii was evaluated for its Antiulcer activity against naproxen induced ulcer. Different extracts of blume of A. leschenaultii gave dose dependent increase in anti-ulcer activity against naproxen induced ulcer. Ethanolic extract of blume of A. leschenaultii showed better ulcer inhibition (55.8%) as compared to AEAL (36.5%). The present investigation revealed that ArisaemaLeschenaultii exhibited significant antiulcer activity by enhancing antioxidant potential of gastric mucosa thereby reducing mucosal damage. Keywords: Antiulcer activity, Herbal drug, Antioxidant,   Introduction Arisaemaleschenaultii (B.) AL. (Family Araceae) is commonly known as Dhei or Cobra Lilly. Itis widely distributed over the greater part of India on the hills of Assam, Karnataka, Kerala andTamilnadu. Different parts of plant are traditionally used in Ayurveda for the treatment of urinarydiseases, colitis, eczema, purging, gonorrhea, piles, haemorrhoids, syphills, roundworm, fistula and sinus [1]. The whole plant of this species has been reported to show antiseptic property inbuffaloes. Kumari et al., studied that AL is used as abortifacient and contraceptives for pig andcattle and also reported the 2method of preparing contraceptives from this plant[2]. Satyanarayanareported the fructosans is present in AL [3]. Material and methods Extraction Of Drug Material Plant material of A. leschenaultii was collected from different regions, thoroughly washed, and dried at 55ºC in an air dryer for 48 h. Dried plant parts were powdered with Wiley Mill (Model 4276-M, Thomas Scientific, USA) to pass 20 mesh sieve and stored in sealed plastic bags. About 200 g of powdered material was taken and extracted with different techniques of extraction (soxhlet extraction, percolation, maceration, sonication, homogenization and microwave extraction) using different solvents (petroleum ether, benzene, chloroform, acetone, ethanol, methanol and water). Each process was repeated thrice for complete extraction. After extraction, extracts were combined and evaporated to dryness in vacuo.  Anti-ulcer The present study deals with anti-ulcer activity of A. leschenaultii extracts in naproxen induced ulcer. The experimental setup of the study was given below. Experimental setup Group 1: Control group (10 mL/kg/day of saline) Group 2: Omeprazole (30 mg/kg p.o.)  Group 3: EEAL (100 mg/kg/day in 1% CMC, p.o.) Group 4: EEAL (200 mg/kg/day in 1% CMC, p.o.) Group 5: AEAL (100 mg/kg/day in 1% CMC, p.o.) Group 6: AEAL (200 mg/kg/day in 1% CMC, p.o.) Naproxen induced ulcer One hour after drug treatment gastric ulcer was induced by the modified procedure [4]. Control was administered with 10 mL/kg of normal saline. Ethanolic and aqueous extracts (100 and 200 mg/kg) were given to test groups. Omeprazole (30 mg/kg p.o.) was used as standard. One hour later naproxen (30 mg/kg p.o.) was administered. Animals were sacrificed after six hours of naproxen administration, stomach was isolated and opened along greater curvature to expose inner surface. Inner surface was washed thoroughly with normal saline. The ulcer area, ulcer index and percentage inhibition were calculated by using image analysis software [5]. Result and discussion Anti-ulcer activity The present study deals with anti-ulcer activity of A. leschenaultii extracts in naproxen induced ulcer. Naproxen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), which can directly damage the gastric epithelium by intracellularaccumulation of drug in an ionised state and reduce the hydrophobicity of the mucus gel layer by changing the action of surface active phospholipids [6]. The ISSN: 0975-0185    This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.  Jain et al. International Journal of Phytomedicine 4 (3) 437-440 [2012]  PAGE | 438 |    enzymes such as catalase and glutathione peroxidase provide defence against damage of gastric mucosa after administration of NSAIDs and also decrease lipid peroxide level in rats [7& 5]. The ethanolic extracts of A. leschenaultii reduced lipid peroxide level by scavenging free radical and might increase the activity of anti-oxidant enzymes (catalase and glutathione peroxidase). Neutrophil adherence to the endothelium of gastric microcirculation is critical in NSAID injury [8]. Neutrophil adherence damages the mucosa by liberating oxygen free radicals, releasing proteases and obstructing capillary blood flow. NSAIDs might induce the synthesis of tumour necrosis factor (TNFα) and leukotrienes and these inflammatory mediators stimulate neutrophil adherence by up-regulation of adhesion molecules [9, 10 & 11]. The free radical scavenging effect, anti-TNFα activity, prostaglandins like protective action and leukotrienes inhibition by A. leschenaultii extracts might reverse the effect of neutrophil adherence. Gastric acid probably exacerbates NSAID injury by disrupting the basement membrane to produce deep injury, affecting platelet aggregation and impairing ulcer healing [12, 13 & 14]. Ethanolic extracts of A. leschenaultii is effective against first phase of inflammation, which occurs due to the release of histamine, serotonin and kinins. Thus, A. leschenaultii might reduce the secretion of gastric acid by blocking histamine receptor. Ulcer healing is a complex process that involves combination of wound retraction and re-epithelialization. It also involves growth factors and angiogenesis [15]. A. leschenaultii significantly reduced the size of ulcer.  Table 1 shows the effect of A. leschenaultii extracts on naproxen induced ulcer. Our result showed that different extract of blume of A. leschenaultii gave dose dependent increase in anti-ulcer activity against naproxen induced ulcer. Ethanolic extract of blume of A. leschenaultii showed better ulcer inhibition (55.8%) as compared to AEAL (36.5%). The results were significant as compared to control (P<0.05).  The anti-ulcer activity of A. leschenaultii extracts might be due to antioxidant, anti-secretory, protective action and leukotrienes inhibition. The morphological representation of anti-ulcer activity of different extracts of A. leschenaultii is presented in Figure 1.  Table 1: Effect of A. leschenaultiiblume extracts on naproxen  induced ulcer. Groups Dose (mg/kg) US (mm2) UI % I Con - 7.34±0.22 1.23±0.04 - Omeprazole 30 2.54±0.09** 0.37±0.01** 80.90  EEAL 100 4.72±0.01** 0.73±0.01** 44.20 200 4.05±0.52** 0.66±0.08* 55.80  AEAL 100 5.87±0.12 0.95±0.02* 31.10 200 5.36±0.13** 0.88±0.06* 36.50  US: Ulcer surface; UI: Ulcer index; % I: Percent inhibition. All values are expressed as mean ± SEM (n=6); One-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett's test; *P<0.05 and **P<0.01 considered             significant as compared to control.  Control 10 mL/kg                Omeprazole 30 mg/kg Jain et al. International Journal of Phytomedicine 4 (3) 437-440 [2012]  PAGE | 439 |     EEAL 100 mg/kg                     EEAL 200 mg/kg  AEAL 100 mg/kg     AEAL 200 mg/kg  Figure 1: Morphological representation of anti-ulcer  activity of A. leschenaultii.  References  [1]. Kirtikar KR and Basu BD. (1985).  “Indian Medicinal Plant" Vol IV, Lait Mohan Basu Publisher, Allahabad; 2605. [2]. Kumari MR and Narasimhan D. (2003). 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A possible contributor prolonged gastroduodenal mucosal haemorrhage. Gastroenterology 74: 38-43. [13]. Wallace JL and McKnight GW. (1990). Themucoid cap over superficial gastric damage in the rat. A high pH microenvironment dissipated by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and endothelin. Gastroenterology 99: 295-304. [14]. Schmassmann A, Tarnawski A and Peskar BM. (1995). Influence of acid and angiogenesis on kinetics of gastric ulcer healing in rats: Interaction with indomethacin. American Journal of Physiology 268: 276-285. [15]. Perini RF, Ma L and Wallace JL. (2003). Mucosal repair and COX-2 inhibition. Current Pharmaceutical Design 9: 2207-2211.      

Evaluation of Anti-Ulcer Activity of ArisaemaLeschenaultii

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Evaluation of Anti-Ulcer Activity of ArisaemaLeschenaultii

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