Belleville, S.

Ferreri, J.

Hyde, E.

Jiang, S.

Loranger, E.

Reinhartz, A.

Strobach, T.

von Bastian, C.

White Rose Research Online

This is a repository copy of Effects of attentional control demands in processing speed training across the adult lifespan: first findings.White Rose Research Online URL for this paper:https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/221378/Version: Published VersionProceedings Paper:von Bastian, C. orcid.org/0000-0002-0667-2460, Reinhartz, A., Hyde, E. et al. (5 more authors) (2024) Effects of attentional control demands in processing speed training across the adult lifespan: first findings. In: Innovation in Aging. GSA 2024 Annual Scientific Meeting, “The Fortitude Factor”, 13-16 Nov 2024, Seattle, Washington, USA. Oxford University Press (OUP) , p. 670. https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igae098.2190eprints@whiterose.ac.ukhttps://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/Reuse This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) licence. This licence allows you to distribute, remix, tweak, and build upon the work, even commercially, as long as you credit the authors for the original work. More information and the full terms of the licence here: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/ Takedown If you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing eprints@whiterose.ac.uk including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request. 670 Innovation in Aging, 2024, Vol. 8, No. S1listening (MC). Both groups underwent a year-long interven-tion with weekly 60-minute lessons and daily homework. We assessed switch and mixing costs in terms of speed (mean RTs) and variability (standard deviation of RTs) with a number switch and a perceptual switch task. We employed MIDI-based Scale Analysis to assess pianistic performance. Tests were conducted at baseline, after 6 months, post-intervention (12 months), and at follow-up (18 months). Results revealed more pronounced improvements in pianistic performance in the PP compared to the MC group over the course of the inter-vention. Both groups exhibited gains in several cognitive flexi-bility outcomes, which originated primarily in the latter half of the intervention. For mixing costs, the PP group showed partly greater improvements compared to the MC group. Additionally, the findings indicated a compensation account in both groups, which was partially more pronounced in the PP group. This study suggests that both piano practice and active music listening – with piano practice to a slightly higher degree - enhance cognitive flexibility, particularly in sustained control mechanisms linked to mixing costs. Both interventions potentially require longer than 6 months to induce behavioral transfer effects and are especially beneficial for individuals with lower cognitive flexibility levels.Abstract citation ID: igae098.2189MAXIMIZING COGNITIVE TRAINING OUTCOMES WITH SIMULTANEOUS BRAIN STIMULATIONSusanne Jaeggi, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United StatesCognitive health is a fundamental issue facing everyone across their lifespan, however, while there is accumulating evi-dence for the efficacy of targeted interventions to improve cog-nition, the outcomes have been inconsistent. This contrasts the vast basic science literature suggesting that brain circuits are highly malleable, even in older age. Non-invasive transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has shown to facilitate brain plasticity, especially when administered during a learning event. Here, I will summarize the results of several random-ized controlled trials as well as a meta-analysis conducted by my group focusing on cognitive training that is paired with tDCS. Across 4 separate studies involving 257 younger and older adults, we found evidence for improved learning trajec-tories as a function of tDCS, and in addition, we observed im-provements in measures of long-term memory, some of which remained significant several months after training completion. The effects on working memory outcomes appear to be more mixed and dependent on baseline ability, i.e., those with initial lower performance typically benefit more from brain stimula-tion. Our primary findings are supported meta-analytically in that we found a small positive net effect of tDCS on transfer measures after working memory training, both, in the short- and long-term. However, the effects were most pronounced for measures that were similar to the trained tasks. Collectively, our studies illustrate the potential of tDCS to support cognitive training outcomes, but at the same time, there are boundary conditions and important individual differences that moderate training efficacy.Abstract citation ID: igae098.2190EFFECTS OF ATTENTIONAL CONTROL DEMANDS IN PROCESSING SPEED TRAINING ACROSS THE ADULT LIFESPAN: FIRST FINDINGSClaudia von Bastian1, Alice Reinhartz2, Eleanor Hyde1, Shuangke Jiang1, Elisabeth Loranger3, Jeff Ferreri4, Sylvie Belleville5, and Tilo Strobach2, 1. University of Sheffield, Sheffield, England, United Kingdom, 2. Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, 3. Institut Universitaire de Geriatrie de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, 4. Institut Universitaire De Geriatrie De Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, 5. University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, CanadaEvidence for cognitive training-induced far transfer of im-provements to untrained cognitive abilities is mixed. One not-able exception appears to be training interventions that target speed of processing. However, the mechanisms underpinning these training effects are yet unclear. In this pre-registered, multi-site training study, we tested the hypotheses that (a) training tasks with stronger attentional control demands will induce larger transfer effects, and that (b) gains in the rate of information accumulation (i.e., drift rate) will be positively as-sociated with these effects. For this purpose, we recruited 476 healthy participants spanning the adult lifespan (18-85 years) from three sites in the United Kingdom, Germany, and Canada, who were randomly allocated to one of four groups practising tasks with increasing attentional control demands. Transfer to working memory, executive functions, reasoning, and everyday cognitive functioning was assessed before, immediately after, and 3 months after 10 training sessions. N = 388 participants (age in years M = 48.61, SD = 18.28, range 18 – 85; 218 women, 168 men, 2 participants with undisclosed gender; edu-cation in years M = 16.68, SD = 3.68) completed the study. The first results from this study will be presented in this talk.SESSION 4495 (SYMPOSIUM)Abstract citation ID: igae098.2191NAVIGATING HEALTH AND IDENTITY TO PROMOTE FORTITUDE AMONG SGM PEOPLE: INSIGHTS FROM AGING WITH PRIDEChair: Charles Hoy-EllisDiscussant: Karen Fredriksen-GoldsenThis symposium showcases groundbreaking research illustrating the multifaceted nature of fortitude among sexual and gender minority (SGM) older adults, focusing on health, digital health access, generativity, and intersectionality. The col-lection of studies in this symposium leverages cross-sectional and longitudinal data from Aging with Pride: National, Health, Aging and Sexuality/Gender Study (NHAS) to address crit-ical gaps in our understanding of the unique strengths in this population despite the adversity they face. The first presenta-tion illuminates the disproportionate experiences of violence and abuse among older transgender adults, revealing signifi-cant links between intimate partner violence (IPV), victimiza-tion, internalized stigma, and adverse mental health outcomes. It spotlights the need for interventions that target these risk factors and promote fortitude. The second presentation exam-ines the digital divide, exploring how older SGM adults utilize health information technologies. By comparing usage patterns and identifying barriers and facilitators, this research empha-sizes the importance of improving health care access. The third Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/innovateage/article/8/Supplement_1/670/7937545 by University of Sheffield user on 16 January 2025

Effects of attentional control demands in processing speed training  across the adult lifespan: first findings

https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/221378/1/igae098.2190.pdf

Effects of attentional control demands in processing speed training across the adult lifespan: first findings

Abstract

Similar works

Full text

Available Versions

White Rose Research Online