This thesis examines the role of Muslim religious scholars (ulema) in countering extremist ideologies and combating terrorism. It analyzes the foundational ideologies of violent Islamist groups, explores how the ulema confront and counteract these ideologies, and assesses the effectiveness of their efforts in reducing violent extremism. The thesis traces the historical roots of modern Islamist extremism, examines the complex narratives and theological justifications employed by terrorist groups, and analyzes the multifaceted efforts of the ulema to counteract these dangerous ideologies. The thesis finds that while ulema play a crucial role in confronting extremist ideologies through counter-narratives, rehabilitation programs, and community resilience building, their effectiveness faces significant challenges in the modern era. These challenges include the erosion of ulema authority due to historical and societal shifts and the perceived alignment of some ulema with political regimes. The thesis concludes that despite these obstacles, the ulema's expertise in Islamic jurisprudence uniquely positions them to challenge the religious justifications used by extremist groups, making their role significant in the ideological struggle against extremism.Distribution Statement A. Approved for public release: Distribution is unlimited.Colonel, Jordanian Armed Force
