We present a framework for a wireless health monitoring system using ZigBee technology. It has the capability to monitor vital signals from multiple biosensors. Biomedical signals are collected and processed using 2-tiered subsystems. The first stage is the mobile device carried on the body that runs a number of biosensors (internal subsystem). At the second stage, further processing is performed by a local base station (external subsystem) using the raw data transmitted on-request by the mobile device. The raw data is also stored at this base station. The processed data as well as the analysis results are then monitored and diagnosed through 

An Autonomous

Healthcare M. Tech(communication Pce

Prof V. G. Girhepunje

Sarvesh B. Rothe

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Sarvesh B.Rothe, Prof. V.G.Girhepunje / International Journal of Engineering Research and 
Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622   www.ijera.com  
  Vol. 2, Issue 5, September- October 2012, pp.1894-1899 
1894 | P a g e  
Design and Implementation of Real Time Wireless Biomedical 
System Based on ZigBee-GSM interactive module: 
 
Sarvesh B.Rothe, Prof. V.G.Girhepunje 
An Autonomous Healthcare M.Tech(communication) PCE, Nagpur 
Electronics & Telecomm. PCE, Nagpur  
 
Abstract 
We present a framework for a wireless 
health  monitoring  system  using  ZigBee 
technology. It has the capability to monitor vital 
signals  from  multiple  biosensors.  Biomedical 
signals are collected and processed using 2-tiered 
subsystems. The first stage is the mobile device 
carried  on  the  body  that  runs  a  number  of 
biosensors  (internal  subsystem).  At  the  second 
stage, further processing is performed by a local 
base station (external subsystem) using the raw 
data transmitted on-request by the mobile device. 
The raw data is also stored at this base station. 
The processed data as well as the analysis results 
are  then  monitored  and  diagnosed  through  a 
human-machine interface. The main advantages 
of the proposed framework are (1) the ability to 
detect  signals  wirelessly  within  a  body  sensor 
network,  (2)  low-power  and  reliable  data 
transmission through ZigBee network nodes, (3) 
secure transmission of medical data over a body 
sensor  network,  (4)  efficient  channel  allocation 
for  medical  data  transmission  over  wireless 
networks,  and  (5)  optimized  analysis  of  data 
using  an  adaptive  hardware  architecture  that 
maximizes  the  utility  of  processing  and 
computational capacity at each platform. 
 
Keywords-  Vital  signals;  ZigBee;  Autonomous 
healthcare;  Adaptive  architecture;  Reliable  and 
secure data-transmission.      
 
I.  INTRODUCTION 
As  numerous  wireless  personal  area 
networking  (WPAN)  technologies  emerge,  the 
interest for applications such as health monitoring, 
smart  homes,  and  industrial  control  has  grown 
significantly. ZigBee is the first industrial standard 
WPAN  technology  [1]  that  provides  short-range, 
low-power,  and  secured  communication,  and 
supports mesh networking and multi-hopping. It is a 
new  wireless  network  protocol  stack  of  IEEE 
802.15.4 for use in industrial equipment and home 
appliances in order to take in multi-type, multi-point 
sensor  information  [2].  While  many  smart  home 
application  areas  such  as  lighting,  security,  and 
climate  control  have  been  suggested  using  the 
ZigBee standard, health-care applications have not 
received  much  attention  despite  their  importance 
and high-value added. Here, we present a wireless  
 
 
communication  system  for  real-time  health 
monitoring with secure transmission capability. One 
of  the  most  promising  applications  of  sensor 
networks is for human health monitoring. A number 
of tiny wireless sensors, strategically placed on the 
human  body,  create  a  wireless  body  area network 
that can monitor various vital signs, providing real-
time  feedback  to  the  user  and  medical  personnel. 
The  wireless  body  area  networks  promise  to 
revolutionize health monitoring. However, designers 
of such systems face a number of challenging tasks, 
as  they  need  to  address  often  quite  conflicting 
requirements for size, operating time, precision and 
reliability. 
Lately  traditional  system  to  collect 
parameters  for  daily  homecare  is  widely  used  in 
biomedicine.  The  traditional  system  adopts  wired 
way wiring which makes the system complex, bulky 
and expensive, fig.1. Adopting wireless way wiring 
is convenient and economical. Wireless biomedical 
sensors are a group of embedded smart sensors that 
form a network from wireless communication links 
[3]  and  operate  within  the  human  body  to 
compensate for various diseases. 
 
 
Fig: Biomedical sensors 
With such a smart system including multiple sensors 
of  different  types,  we  envision  a  future  where 
biosensors can form a wireless sensor network, as 
dot  matrix  sensors,  comprising  a  large  number  of 
nodes  whose placement in the body  can be  either 
pre-determined  or  random  according  to  the 
application. 
 
II. SYSTEM ANALYSIS 
Our  novel  model  of  wireless  biomedical 
system  is  designed  with  the  following  technical 
features: 
•  Large  versatility  (Micro-controller  embedded     
system). 
•  Efficient  power  management  (power  saving 
technique). 
• Pulsed measurement mode concept. Sarvesh B.Rothe, Prof. V.G.Girhepunje / International Journal of Engineering Research and 
Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622   www.ijera.com  
  Vol. 2, Issue 5, September- October 2012, pp.1894-1899 
1895 | P a g e  
•  Embedded  interface  with  a  dot  matrix  sensors 
(front-end). 
•  On  request  addressable  sensor  node  (polling 
mode). 
• Selectable data refreshment time. 
• In-situ wireless data programming and upgrading 
(boot loader technique). 
•  Bidirectional data link (half duplex  with reverse 
telemetry). 
A detailed description of the whole system will be 
discussed in the following sections. 
 
A. Selected Technology 
We have chosen a Zig Bee RF Module to 
meet IEEE 802.15.4 standards and the ISM 2.4 GHz 
frequency band. X Bee RF Module complies with 
Part  15  of  the  FCC  rules  and  regulations  [12].  It 
supports the unique needs of low-cost, low power 
wireless  sensor  networks.  The  module  requires 
minimal  power  and  provides  reliable  delivery  of 
data between devices. It is a short range technology 
that allows secure and robust communications. The 
use of radio device, capable to transfer data over a 
range of up to 100 meters outdoor-line of sight and 
up to 30 meters indoor-urban, is well recommended. 
As  user  interface,  a  windows  API  (Application 
Programming  Interface)  application  is  to  be 
developed  with  high  level  design  software  for 
graphical user interface development. 
 
 
 
Fig: Block diagram of transmitter and receiver using ZigBee module with RF link 
 
 
Also GSM  control subsystem enables the user to 
monitor patient remotely whereas the security alert 
subsystem provides the remote security monitoring. 
The system is capable enough to instruct user via 
SMS  from  a  specific  cell  number  to  change  the 
condition of the home appliance according to the 
user’s needs and requirements. The second aspect 
is that of security alert which is achieved in a way 
that on the detection of intrusion the system allows 
automatic generation of SMS thus alerting the user 
against  security  risk.  The  working  of  GSM  in 
Interactive model can be explained as:- 
GSM-RF hardware tests are run in order to check 
the hardware support. The system will call GSM 
modem and it will get activated. 
·  After  activation  the  Modem  will  check  for 
hardware  support.  If  the  hardware  is  missing  or 
some other hardware problem there will be error, 
resulting  in  communication  failure  and  the 
application will be terminated. 
· If hardware responds then the serial port will be 
opened for communication and GSM hardware will 
allow transmission of SMS. Sarvesh B.Rothe, Prof. V.G.Girhepunje / International Journal of Engineering Research and 
Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622   www.ijera.com  
  Vol. 2, Issue 5, September- October 2012, pp.1894-1899 
1896 | P a g e  
· The system will then connect and after connection 
establishment  the  system  will  be  able  to  detect 
intrusion and will alert user about the breach and 
similarly  the  system  will  update  status  of 
appliances by receiving SMS from the pre-defined 
cell number. 
·  SMS  will  be  silently  ignored  if  cell  number  is 
unauthorized. 
If it is authorized then necessary action can be told 
to  concern  authorities
. 
 
 
Fig: Wireless transmission and reception of sensor data  
 Sarvesh B.Rothe, Prof. V.G.Girhepunje / International Journal of Engineering Research and 
Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622   www.ijera.com  
  Vol. 2, Issue 5, September- October 2012, pp.1894-1899 
1897 | P a g e  
 
 
  
1898 | P a g e  
 
Fig.3: Zig Bee – GSM interaction process 
 
B. Development environment 
The  conception,  design  and 
implementation  of  the  entire  acquiring  prototype 
were carried out using PROTON® Basic Compiler 
Development  Suite  (Crown  hill  Associates), 
PROTEUS®  Professional  (Multi-power 
Technology),  and  EAGLE®  Layout  Editor(Cad 
Soft  Computer).  The  software  developments  for 
microcontroller  can  be  done  in  suitable  IDE  for 
selected microcontrollers. 
The  suggested  architecture  has  the 
minimum  requisites  of  an  autonomous  system:  a 
dot matrix multi-sensors array, an intelligent power 
saving  and  supervision,  an  embedded 
microcontroller and a serial communications block 
for the two way transmission of data (half-duplex) 
through  a  ZigBee  RF  transceiver  module&  via 
GSM.  The  latter  allows  the  MCU  to  receive 
instructions, memory program upgrade and gather 
information from requested sensors (polling mode). 
Microcontroller cab be selected which has an on-
chip  FLASH  Program  Memory  with  In-System 
Programming  (ISP)  which  makes  it  flexible  and 
easy  to  upgrade.  It  is  an  8-bit  RISC  (Reduced 
Instruction  Set  Computer)  circuit  with  8  A/D 
converters,  3  timers,  serial  UART  (Universal 
Asynchronous  Receiver  Transmitter)  and  an 
enhanced  USB  interface  working  with  a  clock 
frequency up to 20 MHz Its internally implemented 
RISC architecture gives an instruction runtime of 
between 80 and 200 ns depending on the chosen 
oscillator.  The  dot  matrix  sensors  array  contains 
several  sensors,  which  can  sense  one  or  more 
physical  quantities.  The  addressable  sensor 
interface  chip  provides  the  address,  the 
amplification  and  analog-to-digital  conversion  of 
the sensed signal. It contains an analog multiplexer, 
a  programmable  analog  front-end  and  a  ten  bits 
analog  to  digital  converter,  makes  the  sensor 
interface chip a versatile component, which can be 
programmed at any time. It offers also, options for 
intelligent power management. Indeed, all channels 
which  are  not  in  use  can  be  switched  off 
individually. Thus, the microcontroller has several 
important tasks: 
(1)  It  controls  the  sensor  interface  chip  and 
provides its settings, such as the configuration of 
the  readout  electronics  like  sensor  address  and 
analog  front-end  configuration  as  well  as  sensor-
specific software routines. 
(2)  It  gathers  the  data  coming  from  the  sensor 
interface chip and stores it in a memory. 
(3)  It  implements  some  smart  compression 
algorithms (base-band coder/decoder) to reduce the 
energy consumption during data transmission. 
The  bi-directional  communication  link  sends  the 
sensor's  data  to  the  transceiver  and  provides  the 
microcontroller  with  new  programming 
instructions.  Hence,  the  accuracy,  the  sensitivity, 
the acquisition rate and the data processing can be 
changed during operation, which are necessary to 
adapt the system to the environment changes and to 
compensate for drift phenomena. 
 
IV. CONCLUSIONS 
In  This  research  we  have  focused  to 
develop  an  optimized  microcontroller-based 
architecture  for  REAL  TIME  multi-purpose 
wireless  biomedical  system  based  on  ZigBee  & 
GSM wireless data transceiver. It has the capability 
to  monitor  biomedical  signals  from  multiple 
biosensors  by  means  of  different  communication 
standards.  Its  capability  has  been  tested  through 
standard sensors such as pressure, temperature and 
oxygen  sensors  with  enhanced  user  graphical 
interface to visualize and monitor the progress of 
multi-sensors' curves  concurrency in real-time. In 
addition,  we  have  developed  a  ZigBee-ready 
compliant  wireless  system  that  offer  low  power 
consumption,  low  cost  and  advanced  network 
configuration  possibilities.  Its reliability  has  been 
measured and proved through experimental results 
related to the bit error rate measurement. Hence, an 
affordable  transmitting  power  level  has  been 
chosen in order to reduce the power consumption 
and save the energy. This work can further shows 
the success of our proof-of-concept study for real-
time efficient biomedical evaluation prototype. For 
this purpose, and in addition to the use of higher 
transmission  frequency  for  the  real  implantable 
system, our future work can be concentrated on a 
comparative study between UHF, ZigBee and Wi-
Fi wireless data link system to evaluate the most 
adequate wireless link to be compliant with such a 
biomedical care systems. 
 
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Design and Implementation of Real Time Wireless Biomedical System Based on ZigBee-GSM interactive module:

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