As mobile devices like smart phone prospers, the necessity of mobile web pages is ever increasing while the traditional web services are performed with the existing web pages. To satisfy the those requirement, this paper introduces an automatic mobile translation system that can examine the legacy web pages and produce new mobile web pages in accord to the web accessibility. For this purpose, the regulation for the web accessibility should be built first and the recommendation for a new web page would be performed based on the regulation by the system

Hoon Jin

Jinhong Kim

Seungcheon Kim

CiteSeerX

International Journal of Software Engineering and Its Applications 
Vol.8, No.5 (2014), pp.243-248 
http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/ijseia.2014.8.5.19 
 
 
ISSN: 1738-9984 IJSEIA 
Copyright ⓒ 2014 SERSC 
Automatic Mobile Translation System for Web Accessibility based 
on Smart-Phone 
 
 
Seungcheon Kim
1, Jinhong Kim
2 and Hoon Jin
**3 
1Dept. of Information & Communication Engineering, Hansung University, Seoul, 
Korea. 
2Department of Computer Engineering, Hansung University, Seoul, Korea 
3Dept. of Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea 
Email: kimsc@hansung.ac.kr 
Abstract 
As mobile devices like smart phone prospers, the necessity of mobile web pages is ever 
increasing while the traditional web services are performed with the existing web pages. 
To satisfy the those requirement, this paper introduces an automatic mobile translation 
system that can examine the legacy web pages and produce new mobile  web pages in 
accord to the web accessibility. For this purpose, the regulation for the web accessibility 
should be built first and the recommendation for a new web page would be performed 
based on the regulation by the system. 
 
Keywords. web accessibility, translation system, regulation 
 
1. Introduction 
We are facing lots of web pages every day for shopping, entertainment and works. In 
addition, we cannot be disconnected to the Internet as the usage of smart phone has been 
spread widely.  These web pages, however, should follow the web accessibility for every 
people to access including disable people. Those web pages are created and maintained by 
various people like academies, companies and governmental organizations. In Korea, we 
have the law of banning the discrimination of the disable people, which is called ‘Anti-
Discrimination Against and Remedies for Persons with Disabilities Act and Enforcement 
Decree’. According to the anti-discrimination law for the disable people, all web sites in 
Korea should provide other web pages that can be used by the disable people. For exam-
ple, every web page should be equipped with the audio assistance for the blind people. 
This law was announced in the year of 2008 first in Korea. And it has the stepwise activa-
tion by the end of 2013. 
Therefore, a new web site with lots of web pages should be built based on the web ac-
cessibility. However, the existing web pages need to be transformed appropriate for the 
anti-discrimination law for disable people. For this purpose, it would be very convenient 
if every existing web page should be examined and new web pages for the web accessibil-
ity is recommended. In this paper, we are introducing the automatic translation system 
that can examine the existing web pages and recommend the new web pages with the es-
sential elements. Furthermore, as the smart devices are spreading widely, we are using 
more and more mobile web pages instead of traditional web pages. The proposed transla-
tion system also provides a new mobile web page with the elemental information for the 
existing web pages. The proposed translation system is mainly producing mobile web 
pages with elemental ingredients for the mobile web pages after examining the existing 
web pages. 
                                                            
** Corresponding author is Hoon JIN International Journal of Software Engineering and Its Applications 
Vol.8, No.5 (2014) 
 
 
244    Copyright ⓒ 2014 SERSC 
2. Web Accessibility 
A.  Concepts of Web Accessibility 
Web accessibility refers to the inclusive practice of making websites usable by people 
of all abilities and disabilities. When sites are correctly designed, developed and edited, 
all users can have equal access to information and functionality. For example, when a site 
is coded with semantically meaningful HTML, with textual equivalents provided for im-
ages and with links named meaningfully, this helps blind users using text-to-speech soft-
ware and/or text-to-Braille hardware. When text and images are large and/or enlargeable, 
it is easier for users with poor sight to read and understand the content. When links are 
underlined (or otherwise differentiated) as well as colored, this ensures that color blind 
users will be able to notice them. When clickable links and areas are large, this helps us-
ers who cannot control a mouse with precision. When pages are coded so that users can 
navigate by means of the keyboard alone, or a single switch access device alone, this 
helps users who cannot use a mouse or even a standard keyboard. When videos are closed 
captioned or a sign language version is available, deaf and hard-of-hearing users can un-
derstand the video. When flashing effects are avoided or made optional, users prone to 
seizures caused by these effects are not put at risk. And when content is written in plain 
language and illustrated with instructional diagrams and animations, users with dyslexia 
and learning difficulties are better able to understand the content. When sites are correctly 
built and maintained, all of these users can be accommodated without decreasing the usa-
bility of the site for non-disabled users. 
The needs that Web accessibility aims to address include: 
  Visual: Visual impairments including blindness, various common types of low 
vision and poor eyesight, various types of color blindness; 
  Motor/Mobility: e.g., difficulty or inability to use the hands, including tremors, 
muscle slowness, loss of fine muscle control, etc., due to conditions such as Par-
kinson's Disease, muscular dystrophy, cerebral palsy, stroke; 
  Auditory: Deafness or hearing impairments, including individuals who are hard 
of hearing; 
  Seizures: Photo epileptic seizures caused by visual strobe or flashing effects. 
  Cognitive/Intellectual: Developmental disabilities, learning disabilities (dyslexia, 
dyscalculia, etc.), and cognitive disabilities of various origins, affecting memory, 
attention, developmental "maturity," problem-solving and logic skills, etc. 
 
B.  Web Accessibility Evaluations 
Web accessibility is evaluated like in Figure 1. Those processes can be described like 
follows. 
 
Figure 1. Web-Accessibility Evaluation Process 
Evaluation
System
Evaluation
Engine Web Site
Web Accessibility
Evaluation Site
Evaluation
DBInternational Journal of Software Engineering and Its Applications 
Vol.8, No.5 (2014) 
 
 
Copyright ⓒ 2014 SERSC    245 
 
1.  Evaluation request through evaluation URL. 
2.  Request for the sub web site through the evaluation engine. 
3.  Transfer the information of the sub web pages to the evaluation system. 
4.  Evaluate the web site based on the web accessibility regulations. 
5.  Transfer the evaluation results 
 
3. Automatic Translation System  
As mentioned earlier, the recommendation for the web accessibility should be followed 
after the web site has been examined based on the criteria of the web accessibility. Basi-
cally the transformation system should find the information that was indicated by the 
evaluation tools and should perform the translation process based on the pre-found infor-
mation. 
The architecture of the translation system can be described like in Figure 2. The proce-
dure of the process follows like this. 
1.  Request the sub site of the evaluating site. 
2.  Deliver the information of the sub pages of the evaluating web site to the evalua-
tion system. 
3.  Analyze the web site based on the data base. 
4.  Produce the whole site architecture when it goes through the evaluation engine and 
produce the evaluation result when it goes through the evaluation engine. 
5.  Optional modification by using the evaluation list or site map. 
 
 
Figure 2. Web-Accessibility Evaluation Process 
According to the examination result through the above evaluation procedure, the ad-
ministrators of the existing web pages can find the web accessibility of the web site they 
are managing and perform the appropriate actions to improve the web pages. 
 
Web Site
Evaluation
DB
Analysis
DB
Evaluation
Engine
Analysis
EngineInternational Journal of Software Engineering and Its Applications 
Vol.8, No.5 (2014) 
 
 
246    Copyright ⓒ 2014 SERSC 
4. Implementation of the System  
The proposed system for web accessibility has been developed supposing that the most 
users will access the Internet with smart phones. Therefore, the proposed system is based 
on smart phone apps. The developed system has been designed as smart phone app to 
extract the texts and the images of the web pages, which is because smart phone app has a 
different user interface from PC application that has a keyboard and a mouse. Usually 
smart phone users are more familiar with web pages that are equipped with more images. 
For this purpose, the analysis of the proper web pages should be preceded and with the 
results of analysis the proper web page translation is following.  
However, the intended web translation was difficult at first due to various versions of 
Android OS. So, the extraction of the texts and images from the source web pages has 
been performed after analyzing the source codes of the target web pages. Then the com-
position of new web pages will be done based on the sorted materials. 
The figure 3 shows the analysis of the existing web pages, Hansung University web 
pages. As shown in the figure, the text and image information has been highlighted 
among the web page.  
 
 
Figure 3. Analysis of Hansung Univ. Web-pages 
While analyzing the existing web pages, the proper mobile web pages will be produced 
automatically through the automatic translation process, which is depicted in Figure 4. 
 
1.  A manager of web site or administrator of the web accessibility translation sys-
tem set up the template information of web page that should be translated into 
mobile web pages. 
2.  The information about sub web site of the web site that is going to be evaluated is 
required by the administrator. 
3.  The information about sub web site of the web site for evaluation is delivered to 
the evaluation system. 
4.  The template information of the web site is transferred from the translation tem-
plate DB. 
5.  Translation engine transforms the web site into the mobile web site that is follow-
ing the web accessibility by using the template information. International Journal of Software Engineering and Its Applications 
Vol.8, No.5 (2014) 
 
 
Copyright ⓒ 2014 SERSC    247 
6.  After transforming, the trivial part of translation is going to be done by the ad-
ministrator. 
 
Besides of automatic translation mentioned above, the more specialized part like video 
clips are recommended for the acquisition of web accessibility. For example, some of 
video clips, which can be possibly attached to the web site for advertisement, are accom-
panying the hand language explanations and can provide better web accessibility to the 
deaf. 
 
 
Figure 4. Automatic Translation Process 
For more tests, we made the test web page with more images and texts like shown in 
Figure 5. The Figure 5 shows the usual web page for PC users. This is usually appropriate 
for PC users. This is not good for the mobile users and web accessibility 
After analyzing the web page in Figure 5, the new mobile web pages with text only and 
image only are shown in Figure 6 and 7. Those are assisted with audio files for the people 
with hearing disability. 
 
 
Figure 5. Test Web Pages 
Translation
Engine
Translation
Template
DB
Web Site
Template
SetupInternational Journal of Software Engineering and Its Applications 
Vol.8, No.5 (2014) 
 
 
248    Copyright ⓒ 2014 SERSC 
                 
Figure 6. Text based Mobile           Figure 7. Image based Mobile  
Web Pages                                         Web Pages 
5. Conclusions  
This paper introduces the translation and transformation system that can evaluate the 
existing Internet web pages according to the web accessibility and produce new mobile 
web pages considering user’s request. 
The web accessibility has been built based on the anti-discrimination law for disable 
people. And lots of web pages are expected to be changed because of the appearance of 
the smart devices.  
The proposed system has aimed to make the system that can only produce the new mo-
bile web pages according to the web accessibility. The final goal of the system, however, 
is to have an ability that can make the new user-interface according to user’s various 
smart information device environments. 
As the new smart information devices appear, we are forced to make another version of 
the new web pages for every new smart device. Therefore, the further work is required to 
make the improvement of the proposed system. 
 
Acknowledgements 
This research was financially supported by Hansung University. 
 
References 
[1]  K. Hong, “International Standard trends for Accessibility”, TTA Journal, vol. 137, pp. 37-41, (2011) 
September. 
[2]  S. Im, “The meaning of the web standards and accessibility in the view of the fair distribution of the 
service”, Electronic Government Focus, no. 03, (2007). 
[3]  J. Hyun, “Web Accessibility”, TTA Journal, no.106, pp. 95-102 
[4]  S. Kim, Mincheol Shin, “The new autororing technology considering the web accessibility” Research 
report of KISA, (2010) September.  
[5]  J. Jun and S. Lee, “Trend and Prospect of the Web 2.0 Technology”, ICT trend ananlysis, vol. 21, no. 5, 
(2006) September. 
[6]  J. Jun and S. Lee, “Standardizations for Future Mobile Web Application”, ICT trend ananlysis, vol. 25, 
no. 1, (2010) February. 
 
 
 

Automatic Mobile Translation System for Web Accessibility based on Smart-Phone

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Automatic Mobile Translation System for Web Accessibility based on Smart-Phone

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