Fitzsimmons, Jessica N.

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   University of GroningenTwenty Years of GEOTRACESConway, Tim M.; Fitzsimmons, Jessica N.; Middag, Rob; Noble, Taryn L.; Planquette, HélènePublished in:OceanographyDOI:10.5670/oceanog.2024.415IMPORTANT NOTE: You are advised to consult the publisher's version (publisher's PDF) if you wish to cite fromit. Please check the document version below.Document VersionPublisher's PDF, also known as Version of recordPublication date:2024Link to publication in University of Groningen/UMCG research databaseCitation for published version (APA):Conway, T. M. (Ed.), Fitzsimmons, J. N., Middag, R. (Ed.), Noble, T. L. (Ed.), & Planquette, H. (Ed.) (2024).Twenty Years of GEOTRACES: An International Study of the Marine Biogeochemical Cycles of TraceElements and Isotopes. Oceanography, 37(2), 6-7. https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2024.415CopyrightOther than for strictly personal use, it is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of theauthor(s) and/or copyright holder(s), unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons).The publication may also be distributed here under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, indicated by the “Taverne” license.More information can be found on the University of Groningen website: https://www.rug.nl/library/open-access/self-archiving-pure/taverne-amendment.Take-down policyIf you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediatelyand investigate your claim.Downloaded from the University of Groningen/UMCG research database (Pure): http://www.rug.nl/research/portal. For technical reasons thenumber of authors shown on this cover page is limited to 10 maximum.Download date: 16-10-2024Oceanography | Vol. 37, No. 26INTRODUCTION TO THE SPECIAL ISSUE ONTWENTY YEARS OF GEOTRACESAN INTERNATIONAL STUDY OF THE MARINE BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES OF TRACE ELEMENTS AND ISOTOPESINTRODUCTIONThis special issue of Oceanography cele-brates the transformational findings of the international GEOTRACES program in chemical oceanography, 20 years after drafting of the GEOTRACES Science Plan in 2004 (GEOTRACES Planning Group, 2006). With the section cruise phase of the program ending soon, and a planned pivot toward smaller- scale pro-cess studies, this is an opportune time to look back at the achievements of GEOTRACES during the last two decades and to highlight some of the advances in our understanding of the processes that determine the oceanic distributions of trace elements and isotopes (TEIs).GEOTRACESGEOTRACES is a cooperative interna-tional effort comprising scientists from 35 countries, supported by national fund-ing agencies, and guided by international steering committees. Since 2008, the pro-gram has carried out oceanographic, World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE)-style “section” cruises through-out all the ocean basins. Rigorous inter-calibration efforts stand at the foun-dation of GEOTRACES to ensure that basin-scale analyses made by individ-ual nations can be compared with-out question. This has been achieved primarily by occupation of “crossover” stations between cruises hosted by dif-ferent countries—perhaps the most evocative was a meeting of German and US GEOTRACES Arctic cruises at the North Pole in 2015. Moreover, the drive for publicly available synthesized data-sets has resulted in the production of an online electronic atlas (https://www.egeotraces.org/) and the release of three intermediate data products to date, with a fourth expected in 2025. These efforts have led to a sea change in the quantity of high-quality TEI data available for the ocean, coupled with many advances in our understanding of the biogeochemical processes that determine these distribu-tions (Anderson et al., 2014). ARTICLES IN THE SPECIAL ISSUEThis special issue begins with reflec-tions from junior and senior scien-tists on the GEOTRACES program, the benefit of a multi-tracer approach for answering biogeochemical ques-tions, and what life is like aboard a GEOTRACES section cruise (Anderson, Halbeisen, and Jeandel). A key suc-cess of GEOTRACES lies in the rigorous intercalibration of all data incorporated into its products, a process overseen by the Standards and Intercalibration Committee. This achievement is based on crucial cooperation among scien-tists who openly shared protocols, as discussed in Aguilar-Islas et al., and allows for both a holistic view of TEI cycling within a basin (e.g., Arctic Ocean; Jensen and Colombo) and synthesized intermediate data prod-ucts that are valuable for research, edu-cation, and outreach efforts (as outlined by Schlitzer and Mieruch-Schnülle). In addition, from an education and out-reach perspective, the GEOTRACES program office has produced a series of short educational videos, which are highlighted by Masferrer Dodas et al.Several articles in this issue focus on “key parameters,” tracers that are deemed essential to the GEOTRACES program. For example, Anderson and Conway et al. both focus on dissolved iron and how GEOTRACES has elegantly demonstrated the utility of a multi-tracer approach and the unexpected and per-sistent nature of iron from deep bound-ary sources such as marine sediments and hydrothermal venting. Fitzsimmons and Steffen take a deeper dive into how GEOTRACES research on hydro-thermal plumes have transformed our understanding of which TEIs are sup-plied or consumed by hydrothermal systems before influencing the wider By Tim M. Conway, Jessica N. Fitzsimmons, Rob Middag, Taryn L. Noble, and Hélène PlanquetteFROM THE GUEST EDITORS June 2024 | Oceanography 7ocean. Hayes provides an overview of the unique value of the thorium radio-nuclides as timekeepers for rates in the ocean and how they aid understand-ing of manifold biogeochemical pro-cesses, while Casciotti et al. describe recent advances in our understanding of the marine nitrogen cycle that have come from GEOTRACES and other efforts. Rafter then looks at how linking together elements such as iron and nitro-gen can enhance insights into oceanic nutrient cycling.The proliferation of GEOTRACES datasets has sparked renewed appre-ciation for the role of physical circula-tion in influencing global TEI distri-butions. The paper by de Souza and Morrison takes a close look at our increasing understanding of the role of the Southern Ocean “hub” in driving global nutrient and TEI distributions. However, it is not just knowledge of oce-anic “dissolved” TEIs and circulation that are needed to understand marine bio-geochemical cycles; GEOTRACES has also provided numerous advances in our knowledge of elemental speciation and organic complexation, marine par-ticles, and aerosols as featured by sev-eral articles in this issue (Whitby et al., Twining, and Buck et al., respectively). Tagliabue and Weber provide an over-view of how a range of different ocean biogeochemical modeling approaches have been stimulated by—and become invaluable in the interpretation of—GEOTRACES datasets. Lastly, we look to the future with Saito et al. describing the nascent BioGeoSCAPES program, which aims to build on advances from pro-grams such as GEOTRACES and stim-ulate a research program designed to enhance understanding of the linkages between microbes, climate change, and biogeochemical cycles. We eagerly antic-ipate the development of this new pro-gram and the continuing discoveries to come from GEOTRACES.REFERENCESAguilar-Islas, A., H. Planquette, M.C. Lohan, W. Geibert, and G. Cutter. 2024. Intercalibration: A corner-stone of the success of the GEOTRACES program. Oceanography 37(2):21–24, https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2024.404.Anderson, R.F. 2024. GEOTRACES reflections. Oceanography 37(2):8–12, https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2024.405.Anderson, R., E. Mawji, G.A. Cutter, C.I. Measures, and C. Jeandel. 2014. GEOTRACES: Changing the way we explore ocean chemistry. Oceanography 27(1):50–61, https://doi.org/ 10.5670/oceanog.2014.07.Buck, C.S., S. Fietz, D.S. Hamilton, T.-Y. Ho, M.M.G. Perron, and R.U. Shelley. 2024. GEOTRACES: Fifteen years of progress in marine aerosol research. Oceanography 37(2):116–119, https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2024.409.Casciotti, K.L., T.A. Marshall, S.E. Fawcett, and A.N. Knapp. 2024. Advances in under-standing the marine nitrogen cycle in the GEOTRACES era. Oceanography 37(2):85–101, https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2024.406.Conway, T.M., R. Middag, and R. Schlitzer. 2024. GEOTRACES: Ironing out the details of the oce-anic iron sources? Oceanography 37(2):35–45, https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2024.416.de Souza, G.F., and A.K. Morrison. 2024. The Southern Ocean hub for nutrients, micronutrients, and their isotopes in the global ocean. Oceanography 37(2):46–59, https://doi.org/ 10.5670/oceanog.2024.414.Fitzsimmons, J.N., and J.M. Steffen. 2024. The “net” impact of hydrothermal venting on oceanic ele-mental inventories: Contributions to plume geo-chemistry from the international GEOTRACES pro-gram. Oceanography 37(2):102–115, https://doi.org/ 10.5670/oceanog.2024.421.GEOTRACES Planning Group. 2006. GEOTRACES Science Plan. Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research, Baltimore, MD, https://geotracesold.sedoo.fr/libraries/documents/Science_plan.pdf.Halbeisen, D.J. 2024. A young scientist’s perspec-tive on GEOTRACES. Oceanography 37(2):13–16, https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2024.403.Hayes, C.T. 2024. Timekeepers for trace elements in the global ocean: The thorium stopwatches. Oceanography 37(2):156–161, https://doi.org/ 10.5670/oceanog.2024.412.Jeandel, C. 2024. The value of going to sea on big ships and the advantage of multi-ple tracers for GEOTRACES style programs. Oceanography 37(2):17–20, https://doi.org/ 10.5670/oceanog.2024.408.Jensen, L., and M. Colombo. 2024. Shelf-basin connectivity drives dissolved Fe and Mn dis-tributions in the western Arctic Ocean: A syn-optic view into polar trace metal cycling. Oceanography 37(2):60–71, https://doi.org/ 10.5670/oceanog.2024.410.Masferrer Dodas, E., C. Jeandel, and A. Artis. 2024. Three-minute videos to learn about marine geo-chemistry. Oceanography 37(2):34, https://doi.org/ 10.5670/oceanog.2024.401.Rafter, P.A. 2024. On the variability of equa-torial Pacific nitrate and iron utilization. Oceanography 37(2):72–84, https://doi.org/ 10.5670/oceanog.2024.411.Saito, M.A., H. Alexander, H.M. Benway, P.W. Boyd, M. Gledhill, E.B. Kujawinski, N.M. Levine, M. Maheigan, A. Marchetti, I. Obernosterer, and others. 2024. The dawn of the BioGeoSCAPES pro-gram: Ocean metabolism and nutrient cycles on a changing planet. Oceanography 37(2):162–166, https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2024.417.Schlitzer, R., and S. Mieruch-Schnülle. 2024. The GEOTRACES intermediate data products: Rich resources for research, education, and out-reach. Oceanography 37(2):25–33, https://doi.org/ 10.5670/oceanog.2024.402.Tagliabue, A., and T. Weber. 2024. Novel insights into ocean trace element cycling from biogeo-chemical models. Oceanography 37(2):131–141, https://doi.org/ 10.5670/oceanog.2024.418.Twining, B.S. 2024. An ocean of particles: Characterization of particulate trace ele-ments by the GEOTRACES program. Oceanography 37(2):120–130, https://doi.org/ 10.5670/oceanog.2024.407.Whitby, H., J. Park, Y. Shaked, R.M. Boiteau, K.N. Buck, and R.M. Bundy. 2024. New insights into the organic complexation of bioactive trace met-als in the global ocean from the GEOTRACES era. Oceanography 37(2):142–155, https://doi.org/ 10.5670/ oceanog.2024.419.ACKNOWLEDGMENTSWe thank Robert Anderson, the US GEOTRACES Program Office, and the US National Science Foundation for supporting this Special Issue through NSF award OCE-2219888. We also thank each of the authors of the original GEOTRACES Science Plan (GEOTRACES Planning Group, 2006), whose vision brought us to the outstanding discoveries described in this special issue. The international GEOTRACES program is possible in part thanks to the support from the US National Science Foundation (Grant OCE-2140395) to the Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (SCOR).AUTHORSTim M. Conway (tmconway@usf.edu) is Associate Professor, College of Marine Sciences, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL, USA. Jessica N. Fitzsimmons is Associate Professor, Department of Oceanography, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA. Rob Middag is Research Leader, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), Den Burg, the Netherlands, and Honorary Professor, Centre for Isotope Research - Oceans, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands. Taryn L. Noble is Senior Lecturer, Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Hélène Planquette is Senior Researcher, CNRS, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, Plouzané, France.ARTICLE CITATIONConway, T.M., J.N. Fitzsimmons, R. Middag, T.L. Noble, and H. Planquette. 2024. Introduction to the special issue on twenty years of GEOTRACES: An international study of the marine biogeo-chemical cycles of trace elements and isotopes. Oceanography 37(2):6–7, https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2024.415.COPYRIGHT & USAGEThis is an open access article made available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, sharing, adap-tation, distribution, and reproduction in any medium or format as long as users cite the materials appro-priately, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate the changes that were made to the original content.

Twenty Years of GEOTRACES:An International Study of the Marine Biogeochemical Cycles of Trace Elements and Isotopes

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Twenty Years of GEOTRACES:An International Study of the Marine Biogeochemical Cycles of Trace Elements and Isotopes

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