Lay Summary: What does this mean for patients? Axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) is a lifelong disease that has a significant impact on quality of life. It is initially manifested by inflammatory back pain and can be associated with inflammation in other body parts, such as the eyes, bowel and skin. Treatment options have advanced over recent years and have become more targeted, including biologic treatments and, more recently, small molecule oral drugs called Janus kinase inhibitors. These newer agents have a rapid onset of action, can be taken orally and have efficacy in reducing inflammation across the whole spectrum of disease. Treatments for individual patients need to be tailored to whichever organ is inflamed at that point in time but should also consider the presence of other inflamed organs, comorbidities, long-term safety and cost. axSpA is a treatable condition where low disease activity or remission should be the target in most patients. Our review summarizes the clinical trial and real-world data that underpin current treatment guidelines
