Skin problems in bartenders are mostly Irritant Contact Dermatitis Occasionally there is (contact) allergy to flavorings, fruits, metals, and even alcohol.</p

A Swerdlin

AC Cardullo

AI Abramowitz

AT Karlberg

B Wüthrich

C Gutgesell

C Patruno

F Riu

GM McCormick II

H Okazawa

I Koelemij

JB Christensson

JM Kelso

L Kanerva

M Pesonen

MK Kagi

N Hjorth

RM Adams

S Emonet

S Myou

S Ophaswongse

S Ting

SL Flugman

T Herzinger

TS Sonnex

WM Sams

YC Chang

English

Schuttelaar, Marie Louise A.

Oosterhaven, Jart A.F.

ARTS repository - University of Groningen

   University of GroningenBartendersSchuttelaar, Marie Louise A.; Oosterhaven, Jart A.F.Published in:Kanerva's Occupational DermatologyDOI:10.1007/978-3-319-68617-2_122IMPORTANT NOTE: You are advised to consult the publisher's version (publisher's PDF) if you wish to cite fromit. Please check the document version below.Document VersionPublisher's PDF, also known as Version of recordPublication date:2019Link to publication in University of Groningen/UMCG research databaseCitation for published version (APA):Schuttelaar, M. L. A., & Oosterhaven, J. A. F. (2019). Bartenders. In Kanerva's Occupational Dermatology(pp. 1729-1731). Springer International Publishing AG. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68617-2_122CopyrightOther than for strictly personal use, it is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of theauthor(s) and/or copyright holder(s), unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons).The publication may also be distributed here under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, indicated by the “Taverne” license.More information can be found on the University of Groningen website: https://www.rug.nl/library/open-access/self-archiving-pure/taverne-amendment.Take-down policyIf you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediatelyand investigate your claim.Downloaded from the University of Groningen/UMCG research database (Pure): http://www.rug.nl/research/portal. For technical reasons thenumber of authors shown on this cover page is limited to 10 maximum.Download date: 16-10-2024Bartenders 122Marie Louise A. Schuttelaar and Jart A. F. OosterhavenContents1 Core Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17292 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17293 Exposure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17294 Irritants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17305 Standard Allergens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17306 Additional Allergens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1731References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1731KeywordsBartenders · Occupational contact dermatitis ·Contact allergy · Irritant contact dermatitis1 Core Messages• Skin problems in bartenders are mostly IrritantContact Dermatitis• Occasionally there is (contact) allergy toflavorings, fruits, metals, and even alcohol2 IntroductionBartenders serve alcoholic and nonalcoholic drinks.They mix ingredients such as liquor, water, soda,and sugar. They prepare cocktails, wine, draft orbottled beer, and drinks. They collect payment,order supplies, and arrange bottles and glasses tomake bars look attractive. They slice and pit fruitsand prepare appetizers, such as nuts, meats, andcheese. They wash and rinse glasses and utensils.The use of preservatives and other components ofcleansing agents and detergents must also be con-sidered; see also the▶Chap. 166, “Houseworkers”.3 ExposureIrritant dermatitis and monilial paronychia maybe common among bartenders (Adams 1999).Pesonen et al. (2015) reported data on patientsM. L. A. Schuttelaar (*) · J. A. F. OosterhavenDepartment of Dermatology, University Medical CenterGroningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, TheNetherlandse-mail: m.l.a.schuttelaar@umcg.nl;j.a.f.oosterhaven@umcg.nl© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020S. M. John et al. (eds.), Kanerva’s Occupational Dermatology,https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68617-2_1221729with occupational contact dermatitis acrossEurope and showed that ICD was commonlyfound in bartenders. Several cases of occupationalallergic contact dermatitis have been reported.Sonnex and Rycroft (1986) reported of a barmanager who became sensitized to the o-benzyl-p-chlorophenol in a drinking-glass cleaner.Kanerva et al. (1993) reported of a female bar-tender who developed occupational allergic con-tact dermatitis from nickel in metal alcoholmeasuring cups. Rui et al. (2012) reported dataon contact allergy to metals in a series of patientswith dermatitis and showed that the frequency ofchromium allergy was found to be significantlyincreased in bartenders. Sams (1940) reported twobartenders with hand eczema and a relevant con-tact allergy to mint (Menthe citrata). Cardulloet al. (1989) reported a bartender with hand der-matitis who had allergic contact sensitivity to theskins of lemons, limes, and oranges but not totheir juices. Usually, citrus peel allergy is due tod-limonene but, in Cardullo and coworker’spatient, patch tests for geraniol and citral, twocomponents of citrus-peel oils, were positive,whereas those for d-limonene were negative.Geraniol in lime peel oil was a source of handdermatitis in a bartender, confirming the useful-ness of patch testing with fragrance mix I(Swerdlin et al. 2010). In 1997, a series of patientswith dermatitis, who were allergic to oxidizedd-limonene on patch testing, included four casesof occupational exposure to fruits, flavors, andvegetables and six who had contact with cleaningproducts, another source of d-limonene exposure.Patients reacting to d-limonene often reacted tofragrance mix, balsam of Peru, and colophony inthe standard series (Karlberg and Dooms-Goossens 1997). Nowadays, patch testing of oxi-dized limonene is recommended (Christenssonet al. 2013). Lime phytophotodermatitis due tocutaneous exposure to lime-derived phototoxinshas been reported in an outdoor bartender prepar-ing margaritas (Abramowitz et al. 1993) and inseveral non-occupational cases due to squeezedlemon present in Mexican beer (Flugman 2010).Carmine anaphylaxis from Campari orange isa putative occupational hazard for bartenders(Kagi et al. 1994; Wüthrich et al. 1997), as areother allergies to alcoholic beverages. Alcohols,including ethyl alcohol, have been reported tocause allergic contact dermatitis (Ophaswongseand Maibach 1994; Patruno et al. 1994; Okazawaet al. 1998), urticaria (Ting et al. 1988;Ophaswongse and Maibach 1994; Emonet et al.1998), asthma (Myou et al. 1996), anaphylactoidreactions (Kelso et al. 1990), and even death fromanaphylaxis (McCormick II and Young 1995).Ophaswongse and Maibach have reviewed skinreactions resulting from drinking ethanol and otheralcohol beverages. The allergen in alcohol may beethanol itself, an impurity, an aldehyde that is ametabolite of the primary alcohol (Ophaswongseand Maibach 1994), a coloring agent (Kagi et al.1994; Wüthrich et al. 1997), or additional sub-stances. Immediate reactions (not occupational)and even anaphylaxis to wheat extracts in beerhave been reported (Herzinger et al. 2004). Occu-pational contact urticaria on the hands due to skincontact with beer has been reported in which theculprit allergen probably was malt, barley, orbrewer’s yeast (Gutgesell and Fuchs 1995;Koelemij and van Zuuren 2014).4 IrritantsAlcoholsBittersDetergentsFruit juicesGermicidal agentsSoapsWater (wet work)5 Standard AllergensMyroxylon pereira (balsam of Peru, cross reactswith flavorings)ColophoniumChromiumFormaldehyde (disinfectants)Fragrance mixNickel sulfatePreservativesRubber allergens1730 M. L. A. Schuttelaar and J. A. F. Oosterhaven6 Additional AllergensBarley (immediate allergy, beer) (Gutgesell andFuchs 1995; Koelemij and van Zuuren 2014)o-Benzyl- p-chlorophenol (bacteriocidal drinking-glass cleaner) (Sonnex and Rycroft 1986)Brewer’s yeast (immediate allergy, beer) (Gutgeselland Fuchs 1995; Koelemij and van Zuuren 2014)Carmine (immediate allergy) (Kagi et al. 1994;Wüthrich et al. 1997)Cinnamon oil (flavorings, citrus rinds, vermouthbitters) (Hjorth 1961)Ethanol (Ophaswongse and Maibach 1994)Oxidized limonene (Chang et al. 1997; Karlberg andDooms-Goossens 1997;Christensson et al. 2013)FragrancesFruits and vegetables (delayed and immediateallergy)Malt (immediate allergy, beer) (Gutgesell andFuchs 1995; Koelemij and van Zuuren 2014)Mentha citrata (delayed allergy) (Sams 1940)Sodium N-chloro- p-toluene sulfonamide(sanitizer for glasses) (Adams 1999)ReferencesAbramowitz AI, Resnik KS, Cohen KR (1993) Margaritaphotodermatitis. N Engl J Med 328(12):891Adams RM (1999) Bartenders. In: Adams RM (ed) Occu-pational skin disease, 3rd edn. W.B. Saunders,Philadelphia, pp 641–642Cardullo AC, Ruszkowski AM, DeLeo VA (1989) Allergiccontact dermatitis resulting from sensitivity to citrus peel,geraniol, and citral. J Am Acad Dermatol 21:395–397Chang YC, Karlberg AT, Maibach HI (1997) Allergiccontact dermatitis from oxidized d-limonene. ContactDermatitis 37:308–309Christensson JB, Andersen KE, Bruze M et al (2013) Aninternational multicenter study on the allergenic activ-ity of air-oxidized R-limonene. Contact Dermatitis68:214–223Emonet S, Hogendijk S, Voegeli J, Eigenmann PA,Roux N, Hauser C (1998) Ethanol-induced urticaria;elevated tryptase levels after doube-blind, placebo-con-trolled challenge. Dermatology 197:181–182Flugman SL (2010) Mexican beer dermatitis: a uniquevariant of lime phytophotodermatitis attributable tocontemporary beer-drinking practices. Arch Dermatol146(10):1194–1195Gutgesell C, Fuchs T (1995) Contact urticarial from beer.Contact Dermatitis 33(6):436–437Herzinger T, Kick G, Ludolph-hauser D, Przybilla B(2004) Anaphylaxis to wheat beer. Ann AllergyAsthma Immunol 92:673–675Hjorth N (1961) Eczematous allergy to balsams, allied per-fumes, and flavoring agents. Munksgaard, CopenhagenKagi MK, Wutrich B, Johansson SG (1994) Campari-Orange anaphylaxis due to carmine allergy (letter).Lancet 344:60–61Kanerva L, Estlander T, Jolanki R (1993) Occupationalallergic contact dermatitis from nickel in bartender’smetallic measuring cup. Am J Contact Dermat 4:39–41Karlberg AT, Dooms-Goossens A (1997) Contact allergyto oxidiced d-limonene among dermatitis patients.Contact Dermatitis 36:201–206Kelso JM, Keating MU, Squillace DL, O’Connelle EJ,Yunginger JW, Sachs MI (1990) Anaphylactoid reactionto ethanol. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 64:452–454Koelemij I, van Zuuren EJ (2014) Contact urticarial frombeer. Clin Exp Dermatol 39(3):407–409McCormick GM II, Young DB (1995) Death caused by anallergic reaction to ethanol. Am J Forensic Med Pathol16:45–47Myou S, Fujimura M, Nishi K, Watanable K, Matsuda M,Ohka T, Matsuda T (1996) Effect of ethanol onairway caliber and nonspecific bronchial responsive-ness in patients with alcohol-induced asthma. Allergy51:52–55Okazawa H, Aihara M, Nagatani T, Nakajima H (1998)Allergic contact dermatitis due to ethyl alcohol.Contact Dermatitis 38:233Ophaswongse S, Maibach HI (1994) Alcohol dermatitis:allergic contact dermatitis and contact urticaria syn-drome. A review. Contact Dermatitis 30:1–6Patruno C, Suppa F, Sarracco G, Balato N (1994) Allergiccontact dermatitis due to ethyl alcohol. Contact Derma-titis 31:124Pesonen M, Jolanki R, Filon FL et al (2015) Patchtest results of the European baseline series amongpatients with occupational contact dermatitis acrossEurope – analyses of the European Surveillance Systemon Contact Allergy network, 2002–2010. ContactDermatitis 3:154–163Riu F, Bovenzi M, Podri A, Belloni Fortina A, Romano I,CorradinMT, Filon FL (2012) Concurrent sensitization tometals and occupation. Contact Dermatitis 67:359–366Sams WM (1940) Occupational dermatitis due to mint.Report of two cases. Arch Dermatol 41:503–505Sonnex TS, Rycroft RJG (1986) Allergic contact dermatitisfrom orthobenzyl parachlorophenol in a drinking glasscleaner. Contact Dermatitis 14:247–248Swerdlin A, Rainey D, Storrs FJ (2010) Fragrance mixreactions and lime allergic contact dermatitis. Dermati-tis 21:214–216Ting S, Rauls DO, Ashbaugh P, Mansfield LE (1988)Ethanol-induced urticaria: a case report. Ann Allergy60:527–530Wüthrich B, Kagi MK, Stucker W (1997) Anaphylacticreactions to ingested carmine (E120). Allergy 52:1133–1137122 Bartenders 1731

Bartenders

   University of GroningenBartendersSchuttelaar, Marie Louise A.; Oosterhaven, Jart A.F.Published in:Kanerva's Occupational DermatologyDOI:10.1007/978-3-319-68617-2_122IMPORTANT NOTE: You are advised to consult the publisher's version (publisher's PDF) if you wish to cite fromit. Please check the document version below.Document VersionPublisher's PDF, also known as Version of recordPublication date:2019Link to publication in University of Groningen/UMCG research databaseCitation for published version (APA):Schuttelaar, M. L. A., & Oosterhaven, J. A. F. (2019). Bartenders. In Kanerva's Occupational Dermatology(pp. 1729-1731). Springer International Publishing AG. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68617-2_122CopyrightOther than for strictly personal use, it is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of theauthor(s) and/or copyright holder(s), unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons).The publication may also be distributed here under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, indicated by the “Taverne” license.More information can be found on the University of Groningen website: https://www.rug.nl/library/open-access/self-archiving-pure/taverne-amendment.Take-down policyIf you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediatelyand investigate your claim.Downloaded from the University of Groningen/UMCG research database (Pure): http://www.rug.nl/research/portal. For technical reasons thenumber of authors shown on this cover page is limited to 10 maximum.Download date: 12-12-2024Bartenders 122Marie Louise A. Schuttelaar and Jart A. F. OosterhavenContents1 Core Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17292 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17293 Exposure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17294 Irritants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17305 Standard Allergens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17306 Additional Allergens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1731References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1731KeywordsBartenders · Occupational contact dermatitis ·Contact allergy · Irritant contact dermatitis1 Core Messages• Skin problems in bartenders are mostly IrritantContact Dermatitis• Occasionally there is (contact) allergy toflavorings, fruits, metals, and even alcohol2 IntroductionBartenders serve alcoholic and nonalcoholic drinks.They mix ingredients such as liquor, water, soda,and sugar. They prepare cocktails, wine, draft orbottled beer, and drinks. They collect payment,order supplies, and arrange bottles and glasses tomake bars look attractive. They slice and pit fruitsand prepare appetizers, such as nuts, meats, andcheese. They wash and rinse glasses and utensils.The use of preservatives and other components ofcleansing agents and detergents must also be con-sidered; see also the▶Chap. 166, “Houseworkers”.3 ExposureIrritant dermatitis and monilial paronychia maybe common among bartenders (Adams 1999).Pesonen et al. (2015) reported data on patientsM. L. A. Schuttelaar (*) · J. A. F. OosterhavenDepartment of Dermatology, University Medical CenterGroningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, TheNetherlandse-mail: m.l.a.schuttelaar@umcg.nl;j.a.f.oosterhaven@umcg.nl© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020S. M. John et al. (eds.), Kanerva’s Occupational Dermatology,https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68617-2_1221729with occupational contact dermatitis acrossEurope and showed that ICD was commonlyfound in bartenders. Several cases of occupationalallergic contact dermatitis have been reported.Sonnex and Rycroft (1986) reported of a barmanager who became sensitized to the o-benzyl-p-chlorophenol in a drinking-glass cleaner.Kanerva et al. (1993) reported of a female bar-tender who developed occupational allergic con-tact dermatitis from nickel in metal alcoholmeasuring cups. Rui et al. (2012) reported dataon contact allergy to metals in a series of patientswith dermatitis and showed that the frequency ofchromium allergy was found to be significantlyincreased in bartenders. Sams (1940) reported twobartenders with hand eczema and a relevant con-tact allergy to mint (Menthe citrata). Cardulloet al. (1989) reported a bartender with hand der-matitis who had allergic contact sensitivity to theskins of lemons, limes, and oranges but not totheir juices. Usually, citrus peel allergy is due tod-limonene but, in Cardullo and coworker’spatient, patch tests for geraniol and citral, twocomponents of citrus-peel oils, were positive,whereas those for d-limonene were negative.Geraniol in lime peel oil was a source of handdermatitis in a bartender, confirming the useful-ness of patch testing with fragrance mix I(Swerdlin et al. 2010). In 1997, a series of patientswith dermatitis, who were allergic to oxidizedd-limonene on patch testing, included four casesof occupational exposure to fruits, flavors, andvegetables and six who had contact with cleaningproducts, another source of d-limonene exposure.Patients reacting to d-limonene often reacted tofragrance mix, balsam of Peru, and colophony inthe standard series (Karlberg and Dooms-Goossens 1997). Nowadays, patch testing of oxi-dized limonene is recommended (Christenssonet al. 2013). Lime phytophotodermatitis due tocutaneous exposure to lime-derived phototoxinshas been reported in an outdoor bartender prepar-ing margaritas (Abramowitz et al. 1993) and inseveral non-occupational cases due to squeezedlemon present in Mexican beer (Flugman 2010).Carmine anaphylaxis from Campari orange isa putative occupational hazard for bartenders(Kagi et al. 1994; Wüthrich et al. 1997), as areother allergies to alcoholic beverages. Alcohols,including ethyl alcohol, have been reported tocause allergic contact dermatitis (Ophaswongseand Maibach 1994; Patruno et al. 1994; Okazawaet al. 1998), urticaria (Ting et al. 1988;Ophaswongse and Maibach 1994; Emonet et al.1998), asthma (Myou et al. 1996), anaphylactoidreactions (Kelso et al. 1990), and even death fromanaphylaxis (McCormick II and Young 1995).Ophaswongse and Maibach have reviewed skinreactions resulting from drinking ethanol and otheralcohol beverages. The allergen in alcohol may beethanol itself, an impurity, an aldehyde that is ametabolite of the primary alcohol (Ophaswongseand Maibach 1994), a coloring agent (Kagi et al.1994; Wüthrich et al. 1997), or additional sub-stances. Immediate reactions (not occupational)and even anaphylaxis to wheat extracts in beerhave been reported (Herzinger et al. 2004). Occu-pational contact urticaria on the hands due to skincontact with beer has been reported in which theculprit allergen probably was malt, barley, orbrewer’s yeast (Gutgesell and Fuchs 1995;Koelemij and van Zuuren 2014).4 IrritantsAlcoholsBittersDetergentsFruit juicesGermicidal agentsSoapsWater (wet work)5 Standard AllergensMyroxylon pereira (balsam of Peru, cross reactswith flavorings)ColophoniumChromiumFormaldehyde (disinfectants)Fragrance mixNickel sulfatePreservativesRubber allergens1730 M. L. A. Schuttelaar and J. A. F. Oosterhaven6 Additional AllergensBarley (immediate allergy, beer) (Gutgesell andFuchs 1995; Koelemij and van Zuuren 2014)o-Benzyl- p-chlorophenol (bacteriocidal drinking-glass cleaner) (Sonnex and Rycroft 1986)Brewer’s yeast (immediate allergy, beer) (Gutgeselland Fuchs 1995; Koelemij and van Zuuren 2014)Carmine (immediate allergy) (Kagi et al. 1994;Wüthrich et al. 1997)Cinnamon oil (flavorings, citrus rinds, vermouthbitters) (Hjorth 1961)Ethanol (Ophaswongse and Maibach 1994)Oxidized limonene (Chang et al. 1997; Karlberg andDooms-Goossens 1997;Christensson et al. 2013)FragrancesFruits and vegetables (delayed and immediateallergy)Malt (immediate allergy, beer) (Gutgesell andFuchs 1995; Koelemij and van Zuuren 2014)Mentha citrata (delayed allergy) (Sams 1940)Sodium N-chloro- p-toluene sulfonamide(sanitizer for glasses) (Adams 1999)ReferencesAbramowitz AI, Resnik KS, Cohen KR (1993) Margaritaphotodermatitis. N Engl J Med 328(12):891Adams RM (1999) Bartenders. In: Adams RM (ed) Occu-pational skin disease, 3rd edn. W.B. Saunders,Philadelphia, pp 641–642Cardullo AC, Ruszkowski AM, DeLeo VA (1989) Allergiccontact dermatitis resulting from sensitivity to citrus peel,geraniol, and citral. J Am Acad Dermatol 21:395–397Chang YC, Karlberg AT, Maibach HI (1997) Allergiccontact dermatitis from oxidized d-limonene. ContactDermatitis 37:308–309Christensson JB, Andersen KE, Bruze M et al (2013) Aninternational multicenter study on the allergenic activ-ity of air-oxidized R-limonene. Contact Dermatitis68:214–223Emonet S, Hogendijk S, Voegeli J, Eigenmann PA,Roux N, Hauser C (1998) Ethanol-induced urticaria;elevated tryptase levels after doube-blind, placebo-con-trolled challenge. Dermatology 197:181–182Flugman SL (2010) Mexican beer dermatitis: a uniquevariant of lime phytophotodermatitis attributable tocontemporary beer-drinking practices. Arch Dermatol146(10):1194–1195Gutgesell C, Fuchs T (1995) Contact urticarial from beer.Contact Dermatitis 33(6):436–437Herzinger T, Kick G, Ludolph-hauser D, Przybilla B(2004) Anaphylaxis to wheat beer. Ann AllergyAsthma Immunol 92:673–675Hjorth N (1961) Eczematous allergy to balsams, allied per-fumes, and flavoring agents. Munksgaard, CopenhagenKagi MK, Wutrich B, Johansson SG (1994) Campari-Orange anaphylaxis due to carmine allergy (letter).Lancet 344:60–61Kanerva L, Estlander T, Jolanki R (1993) Occupationalallergic contact dermatitis from nickel in bartender’smetallic measuring cup. Am J Contact Dermat 4:39–41Karlberg AT, Dooms-Goossens A (1997) Contact allergyto oxidiced d-limonene among dermatitis patients.Contact Dermatitis 36:201–206Kelso JM, Keating MU, Squillace DL, O’Connelle EJ,Yunginger JW, Sachs MI (1990) Anaphylactoid reactionto ethanol. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 64:452–454Koelemij I, van Zuuren EJ (2014) Contact urticarial frombeer. Clin Exp Dermatol 39(3):407–409McCormick GM II, Young DB (1995) Death caused by anallergic reaction to ethanol. Am J Forensic Med Pathol16:45–47Myou S, Fujimura M, Nishi K, Watanable K, Matsuda M,Ohka T, Matsuda T (1996) Effect of ethanol onairway caliber and nonspecific bronchial responsive-ness in patients with alcohol-induced asthma. Allergy51:52–55Okazawa H, Aihara M, Nagatani T, Nakajima H (1998)Allergic contact dermatitis due to ethyl alcohol.Contact Dermatitis 38:233Ophaswongse S, Maibach HI (1994) Alcohol dermatitis:allergic contact dermatitis and contact urticaria syn-drome. A review. Contact Dermatitis 30:1–6Patruno C, Suppa F, Sarracco G, Balato N (1994) Allergiccontact dermatitis due to ethyl alcohol. Contact Derma-titis 31:124Pesonen M, Jolanki R, Filon FL et al (2015) Patchtest results of the European baseline series amongpatients with occupational contact dermatitis acrossEurope – analyses of the European Surveillance Systemon Contact Allergy network, 2002–2010. ContactDermatitis 3:154–163Riu F, Bovenzi M, Podri A, Belloni Fortina A, Romano I,CorradinMT, Filon FL (2012) Concurrent sensitization tometals and occupation. Contact Dermatitis 67:359–366Sams WM (1940) Occupational dermatitis due to mint.Report of two cases. Arch Dermatol 41:503–505Sonnex TS, Rycroft RJG (1986) Allergic contact dermatitisfrom orthobenzyl parachlorophenol in a drinking glasscleaner. Contact Dermatitis 14:247–248Swerdlin A, Rainey D, Storrs FJ (2010) Fragrance mixreactions and lime allergic contact dermatitis. Dermati-tis 21:214–216Ting S, Rauls DO, Ashbaugh P, Mansfield LE (1988)Ethanol-induced urticaria: a case report. Ann Allergy60:527–530Wüthrich B, Kagi MK, Stucker W (1997) Anaphylacticreactions to ingested carmine (E120). Allergy 52:1133–1137122 Bartenders 1731

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