Универзитет у Београду, Факултет ветеринарске медицине
Abstract
Infekcije parazitima predstavljaju poseban problem kod konja. Uzrokuju ih protozoe, helminti i artropode. Kolika je prevalenca i kojih sve vrsta parazita trenutno ima kod konja u našoj zemlji, teško je reći s obzirom na to da se ovakva istraživanja vrše sporadično, pri čemu se mnogi konji preventivno tretiraju različitim antiparaziticima bez prethodne dijagnostike i kontrole uspešnosti preduzetog tretmana. Na osnovu povremenih ispitivanja može se, ipak, steći slika o najčešćim parazitskim infekcijama koje ugrožavaju ovu vrstu životinja. Tako se kod individualno držanih konja i konja u ergelama i konjičkim klubovima najčešće ističe značaj helmintoza, pre svega, strongilidoze i paraskarioze, dok su podaci o drugim vrstama parazita oskudni. Ovi konji su pri tome povremeno tretirani različitim antiparaziticima. Najmanje podataka se odnosi na konje koji se drže slobodno na pašnjacima, tim pre što su takvi konji retko tretirani protiv parazita. U Srbiji se na ovakav način drže domaći brdski konji.
Preliminarnim ispitivanjem biodiverziteta endoparazita obuhvaćeno je ukupno 124 domaćih brdskih konja na Staroj planini, pri čemu su u svim slučajevima potvrđene mešane infekcije sa najmanje dve vrste parazita, a najčešće sa tri vrste. Detaljnim ispitivanjem je obuhvaćeno 18 konja na tri odvojena lokaliteta, kod kojih je ustanovljeno prisustvo: Trichostrongylus axei, Strongylus edentatus, Dictyocaulus arnfieldi i Parascaris equorum. Sa najvećom prevalencijom registrovani su Trichostrongylus axei i Dictyocalus arnfieldi – 83,33–100%, na sva tri lokaliteta nezavisno od uzrasta životinja. Parascaris equorum je bio uglavnom prisutan kod mlađih kategorija konja (prevalencija se kretala od 33,33% u zapatima sa malim brojem ždrebadi, do 100% u zapatima sa velikim brojem ždrebadi i omadi). Strongylus edentatus je bio zastupljen kod 66,67–83,33% konja na dva lokaliteta, s tim što na jednom lokalitetu nije bio identifikovan ni kod jedne životinje.
Intenzitet infekcije je bio srednji – najveći kod strongilidoze i paraskarioze, broj jaja Trychostrongylus axei i Dictyocaulus arnfieldi je bio desetostruko manji.
Svi opservirani konji su bili klinički zdravi, bez vidljivih simptoma bolesti, nezavisno od vrste identifikovanih parazita i intenziteta infekcije. Telesna kondicija je bila ujednačena, nešto slabija telesna kondicija kod pojedinih životinja pripisivana je njihovoj starosti. U posmatranom periodu od 70 dana – pre i nakon aplikacije antihelmintika pritom nisu ustanovljene vidljive promene u ponašanju i/ili znaci bolesti. Tako, na primer, u navedenom periodu nisu registrovani slučajevi kolika ili dijareje kod konja – simptomi koji se najčešće dovode u vezu sa prisustvom navedenih parazita, niti respiratorni simptomi, koji su karakteristični za migraciju larvi Parascaris equrum ili za eventualno prisustvo Dictyocalus arnfieldi...Parasite infections are a particular problem in horses. They are caused by protozoa, helminths and arthropods. It is difficult to say how prevalent and which types of parasites are currently present in horses in our country, considering that those studies are done sporadically, whereby many horses are preventively treated with various antiparasitics without prior diagnosis and control of the success of the treatment. On the basis of occasional examinations, one can still get a better understanding of the most common parasitic infections that endanger this type of animal. Thus, in individually kept horses and horses in stables and equestrian clubs, the importance of helminthiasis is most often emphasized, primarily strongilidosis and parascariosis, while data on other types of parasites are scarce. These horses were occasionally treated with various antiparasitics. Compared to other groups, the least amount of data refers to horses that are kept free on pastures, especially since such horses are rarely treated against parasites. In Serbia, domestic hilly horses are traditionaly kept in this way.
A preliminary study of the biodiversity of endoparasites included a total of 124 domestic hilly horses on Stara Planina, with mixed infections confirmed in all cases, with at least two, and most often with three types of parasites. A detailed examination included 18 horses in three separate localities, in which the presence of Trichostrongylus axei, Strongylus edentatus, Dictyocaulus arnfieldi and Parascaris equorum was established. Trichostrongylus axei and Dictyocalus arnfieldi were registered with the highest prevalence 83,33–100%, at all three localities, regardless of the age of the animals. Parascaris equorum was mainly present in younger categories of horses (prevalence ranged from 33,33%, in herds with a small number of foals, to 100% in herds with a large number of foals and omads). Strongylus edentatus was present in 66,67–83,33% of horses in two localities, but it was not identified in any animal in third locality.
The intensity of infection was medium – the highest in strongilidosis and parascariosis, the number of eggs of Trychostrongylus axei and Dictyocaulus arnfieldi was ten times lower.
All observed horses were clinically healthy, with no visible symptoms of the disease, regardless of the type of parasites identified and the intensity of the infection. Physical condition was uniform, somewhat weaker physical condition in some animals was attributed to their older age. In the observed period of 70 days – before and after the application of anthelmintics, no visible changes in behavior and/or signs of the disease were found. Thus, for example, no cases of colic or diarrhea were registered in horses during this period – symptoms most often associated with the presence of these
parasites, nor respiratory symptoms characteristic of the migration of Parascaris equorum larvae, or the possible presence of Dictyocalus arnfieldi..
