The conception of the model for sustainable use of the brown trout species complex (Salmo app.) populations on the territory of Serbia

Abstract

U ovoj disertaciji, urađena je do sada najobimnija genetička i ekološka analiza populacija potočne pastrmke sa teritorije Srbije. Rezultati disertacije pružili su novi uvid u filogeniju i filogeografiju kompleksa potočne pastrmke sa znatno šireg areala taksona. Za teritoriju Srbije, detektovano je gotovo dvostruko više haplotipova u odnosu na prethodne studije. Haplotipska raznovrsnost dunavske filogenetske linije u Srbiji je veoma visoka u poređenju sa drugim regionima u slivu Dunava, što se ogleda kroz prisustvo haplotipova iz DA-ES i DA-BS haplogrupa, kao i iz novopisane DA-INT haplogrupe. Suprotno uobičajenom uverenju, rezultati ove disertacije jasno pokazuju da se diverzifikacija unutar kompleksa potočne pastrmke odigrala u kasnom pliocenu, a ne u pleistocenu. Primenom mikrosatelitskih markera detektovana je složena populaciona struktura potočne pastrmke u Srbiji. Međutim, u odnosu na prethodne studije, zabeležen je viši nivo introgresije i introgresivne hibridizacije između autohtone dunavske linije potočne pastrmke i alohtonih filogenetskih linija. Razvijanjem modela ESHIPPOsalmo utvrđen je umeren stepen održivosti za gotovo polovinu analiziranih populacija, dok je za šest populacija utvrđen nizak stepen održivosti. U cilju konzervacije populacija potočne pastrmke, za teritoriju Srbije, može se predložiti pet evoluciono značajnih jedinica i 19 upravljačkih jedinica. Na primeru genotipizacije matičnog jata potočne pastrmke, ribnjaka „Panjica“, planiranog za poribljavanje ribolovnih voda Srbije, ukazano je na značaj monitoringa i upotrebe genetičkih markera u cilju uspostavljanja mera za umanjenje štetnih efekata poribljavanja. Za očuvanje populacija potočne pastrmke sa teritorije Srbije, neophodno je unaprediti i pravilno sprovoditi upravljanje populacijama.In this dissertation, the most extensive genetic and ecological analysis of brown trout populations from Serbia to date has been conducted. The obtained results also provide new insight into the phylogeny and phylogeography of the brown trout species complex from a much wider taxon area. For Serbia, almost twice as many haplotypes were detected compared to previous studies. The haplotype diversity of the Danubian lineage in Serbia is higher compared to other regions in the Danube basin, which is reflected in the presence of haplotypes from the DA-ES and DA-BS, as well as the newly described DA-INT haplogroup. Contrary to common belief, the results of this dissertation clearly show that diversification within the brown trout complex took place in the late Pliocene, not the Pleistocene. A complex population structure of brown trout in Serbia was detected by applying microsatellite markers. However, compared to previous studies, a higher level of introgression and introgressive hybridization was recorded between the autochthonous Danubian and allochthonous lineages. Development of the ESHIPPOsalmo model determined a moderate level of sustainability for almost half of the analyzed populations, while a low sustainability level was determined for six populations. Five Evolutionarily significant units and 19 Management units can be proposed to conserve brown trout populations in Serbia. By genotyping the "Panjica" hatchery brown trout broodstock planned for stocking the fishing waters of Serbia, the importance of monitoring and usage of genetic markers was indicated to establish measures for reducing the adverse effects of stocking. In order to preserve the population of brown trout from Serbia, it is necessary to improve and adequately implement population management