Effect of Different Solvents Extraction on the Total Phenolic Content and Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Sacha Inchi Leaves Oil

Abstract

Plukenetia volubilis L., also known as Sacha Inchi is a unique commercial crop that has gained in popularity due to its nutrient-rich and functional benefits to human health. There has been significant research on Sacha Inchi seed, only few studies on the leaves have been conducted. Oil extraction from Sacha Inchi leaves is underutilised and mostly unknown to the general public. This study analyzed the effect of pre-treatment which is fresh and dried leaves for solvent extraction on oil yield, Total Phenolic Contents (TPC), and free radical scavenging properties of oil extracted from Sacha Inchi leaves. The dried leaves sample which dried in oven drying at 30°C at 48 hours, was compared to the fresh sample of Plukenetia volubilis L leaves. Proximate analysis was carried out on the leaf samples by AOAC method. The nutritional values of Sacha Inchi leave revealing that the dried leaves contained higher composition values of crude fiber (13.43%), protein (18.6%), carbohydrate (47.96%) and ash (3.53%) than Sacha Inchi fresh leaves contained lower contents of protein (6.31%), fibre (3.86%), fat (1.16%), ash (2.47%) and carbohydrate (21.39%), except for moisture content (58.15%). For comparison, the Sacha Inchi leaves were also extracted with Soxhlet extraction, using three different solvents for oil extraction: ethanol, propanol, and hexane from fresh and air-dried leaves yielded the oil yield. Overall, the ethanol extraction for dried leaves produced the highest oil yield (21.35%) than propanol (7.89%) and hexane (5.3%). The greatest TPC values (0.64 and 0.65 mg GAE/g) were found in fresh and air-dried leaves extracted with ethanol extraction, as opposed to leaves extracted with propanol (0.33 and 0.49 mg GAE/g) and hexane (0.45 and 0.59 mg GAE/g). Additionally, the fresh sample with ethanol extract showed a 48.13 ± 29.44% percent inhibition of the free radical-scavenging assay, whereas the air-dried sample showed a higher percentage at 61.18 ± 23.26%. Both analyses produced the same results, with the maximum TPC and free radical scavenging activity reported in air-dried Sacha Inchi leaf samples with ethanol extract versus fresh leaves samples

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