DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT : Information is available in the Supplementary Materials.SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL : TABLE S1: Ct-values obtained after qPCR for Leptospira detection.Madagascar is home to an extraordinary diversity of endemic mammals hosting several
zoonotic pathogens. Although the African origin of Malagasy mammals has been addressed for
a number of volant and terrestrial taxa, the origin of their hosted zoonotic pathogens is currently
unknown. Using bats and Leptospira infections as a model system, we tested whether Malagasy
mammal hosts acquired these infections on the island following colonization events, or alternatively
brought these bacteria from continental Africa. We first described the genetic diversity of pathogenic
Leptospira infecting bats from Mozambique and then tested through analyses of molecular variance
(AMOVA) whether the genetic diversity of Leptospira hosted by bats from Mozambique, Madagascar
and Comoros is structured by geography or by their host phylogeny. This study reveals a wide
diversity of Leptospira lineages shed by bats from Mozambique. AMOVA strongly supports that
the diversity of Leptospira sequences obtained from bats sampled in Mozambique, Madagascar,
and Comoros is structured according to bat phylogeny. Presented data show that a number of
Leptospira lineages detected in bat congeners from continental Africa and Madagascar are imbedded
within monophyletic clades, strongly suggesting that bat colonists have indeed originally crossed the
Mozambique Channel while infected with pathogenic Leptospira.The ‘Partenariat Mozambique-Réunion dans la recherche en santé: pour une approche intégrée d’étude des maladies infectieuses à risque épidémique (MoZaR)’ (Fond Européen de Développement Régional, Programme Opérationnel de Coopération Territoriale), and by a grant from the Grainger Bioinformatics Center at the Field Museum of Natural History.https://www.mdpi.com/journal/pathogensam2024Mammal Research InstituteZoology and EntomologySDG-15:Life on lan
