Chapter 36 in Concepts in Animal Parasitology, an introduction to the order Plagiorchiida La Rue, 1957 by Rafael Toledo, Bernard Fried, and Lucrecia Acosta Soto. 2024. S. L. Gardner and S. A. Gardner, editors. Zea Books, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States. doi: 10.32873/unl.dc.ciap03