Set influence of chalk on the technological and technical properties of plastisol and compounds of  PVC emulsion used in the manufacture of children's toys. Studied rheology filled with chalk plastisol  and compounds. We studied the stability filled with chalk plastisols. Given the elastic-strength properties filled with plasticized PVC

Kuznetsova, E. S.

Sedykh, V. A.

Uss, E. P.

Vorotyagin, A. Yu.

Set influence of chalk on the technological and technical properties of plastisol and compounds of PVC emulsion used in the manufacture of children's toys. Studied rheology filled with chalk plastisol and compounds. We studied the stability filled with chalk plastisols. Given the elastic-strength properties filled with plasticized PVC

Belarusian State Technological University

Chemistry, Technology of Organic Substances, Materials and Goods 107УДК 678.029.46 V. A. Sedykh, PhD, assistant professor (VSUET); A. Yu. Vorotyagin, technical director (JSC “Toy Factory”, Voronezh); E. S. Kuznetsova, master’s degree student (VSUET); E. P. Uss, PhD (Engineering), assistant professor (BSTU) PROPERTIES OF FILLED COMPOSITIONS BASED ON EMULSION PVC Set influence of chalk on the technological and technical properties of plastisol and compounds of PVC emulsion used in the manufacture of children's toys. Studied rheology filled with chalk plastisol and compounds. We studied the stability filled with chalk plastisols. Given the elastic-strength proper-ties filled with plasticized PVC. Introduction. Currently, flexible toys are made by rotational molding plastisol based emulsion PVC, plasticized dop (DOP). To reduce costs and decrease mist DOP, on the surface of domestic toys, compared with toys made in China, there was the need for a filler − chalk different manufacturers (Belgorod Russia and de-posits made in Turkey), differing particle size. The aim of the study was to assess the impact of stability plastisols containing chalk in an amount of 5−20 wt % on the technological proper-ties of PVC, while maintaining physical-mecha-nical FIR indicators derived compound. Main part. Study rheology chalk filled plasti-sol. The rheological characteristics of plastisol, without chalk and with chalk increasing content, were studied using the Brookfield viscometer DV-E. Assessed the type of colloidal dispersion viscosity change at different spindle speeds S63 (1,5−12,0 rev./min). Assessing the impact of rotational speed (n, rev./min) spindle viscometer and content Creta-ceous plastisol viscosity (η, mPa ⋅ s) performed largest fold change in viscosity index (A, mPa ⋅ sec/rev./min) of the linear regression equation η = А ⋅ n + В in the speed of rotation of the spindle viscometer (Table 1). For freshly plastisol containing no chalk and  10 wt % chalk viscosity was almost independent of the speed of rotation of the spindle (A minimal and ranged from 10 to 43 MPa ⋅ sec/rev./min), that is characterized by the properties of the plastisol ideal fluid. Found that with increasing duration of storage plastisol within 0–48 hours or more regardless of the content of chalk in the range of 5–20 wt % a figure increased from 10 to 17,440 mPa⋅sec/rev./min. A dependence of the content of the chalk in the storage process is more complicated. For freshly plastisol (0 h exposure) contains about 15 wt % of chalk, the greatest absolute value of A is equal to 1,310 mPa⋅sec/rev./min, and after 48 h A = 17,440 mPa⋅sec/rev./min. After 24 h storage of the plastisol to 5 wt % a most chalk characterized reaching 21,600 mPa⋅sec/rev./min, and after 48 h − 17,440 mPa ⋅ sec/rev./min.  The obtained values of the multiplicity show that increasing the content of chalk 15 to 20 wt % when introduced into a PVC plastisol freshly prop-erties led to a pseudoplastic liquid. It was found that the aged for 24 hours or more, regardless of the content of the plastisol characterized chalk pseudoplastic fluid properties, since the growth speed of rotation (from 1.5 to 12.0 rev./min) reduced viscosity (1,034–7,239 reaching A mPa⋅sec/rev./min).  It is shown that the effect of the chalk content in the range from 10 to 20 wt % on the multiple changes in viscosity has a slightly different charac-ter. Image chalk content from 10 to 15 wt % in-creased the pseudoplastic properties of plastisols in 24 hours, and more exposure. So, after 24 h expo-sure plastisol 15 wt % a chalk figure was 7,239 against 3,451 mPa ⋅ sec/rev./min for plastisol with 10 wt % chalk with increasing spindle speed. Con-sequently, when a 1.5-fold increase in the content of chalk 2-fold increased A.  Table 1 Influence of spindle rotation speed of viscometer, exposure duration of plastisol and content of exposure  of chalk in multiplicity indicator A changes its viscosity from the linear regression equation η = А · n + В А, mPa · с/ vol. / min В, mPa · с Time, h no chalk 5  mas. % 10  mas. % 15  mas. % 20  mas. % no  chalk 5  mas. % 10 mas. % 15 mas. % 20 mas. % 0 –43 –43 –10 –1310 –1,177 1,356 1,356 2,824 13,070 18,713 24 –5,287 –21,600* –3,451 –7,239 –1,034 469,450 96,230 34,096 56,756 20,966 48 ** ** –9,362 –17,440 –2,427 ** ** 65,910 86,230 31,726 * Rough measurements. ** Higher limit of measurement. ISSN 1683-0377. Proceedings of BSTU. 2013. No. 4. Chemistry, Organic Substances Technology and Biotechnology 108 After 48 h exposure plastisol the trend growth rate of order k remained and amounted to 17,400 against 9,362 mPa⋅sec/rev./min, respectively. Further increase of chalk in the plastisol up to 20 wt % led to a decrease of A with increasing ro-tational speed of the spindle viscometer. Thus, af-ter 24 hours exposure and the bottom to 1,034, and after 48 h of exposure − to 2,427 mPa⋅sec/rev./min. This was due to the high level of the estimated initial viscosity (n = 0 rev./min) filled plastisol characterized indicator B, equal to 56,756 and 86,230 mPa ⋅ sec to increased sorption plasticizer surface chalk and as a consequence, the lack of plasticizer on the surface of PVC. Thus, studies found that the rate of rotation of the spindle vis-cometer and dosage chalk affect the change in vis-cosity of the plastisol. Stability study chalk filled plastisols. Chalk content significantly affects the stability of aging (viability) plastisol filled with chalk. To assess the stability of colloidal dispersions (plastisol filled with chalk) after 24 hours storage plastisol selected sample from the top and a depth of 7 cm to define the ash. By scatter resulting ash content was esti-mated scatter chalk content (Table 2) and, indi-rectly, the degree of separation of the colloidal dis-persion. It was established that the chalk content in the range 5–15 wt % of the spread, and therefore the lowest dispersion stability of the plastisol.  Table 2 Effect of the content of chalk in dispersion  of the plastisol on its viscosity and delamination  on the sol (in a layer of height of 7 cm) Viscosity  (n = 1.5 vol. / min), mPa ⋅ сContents  of chalk, mass. % PVC Content  of ash, mass. %  (Up / down) actual at  0 h / 24 h estimated at 0 h * 5 0.9/0.8 1,600/63,830 1,526 10  2.9/1.9 9,170/31,260 18,276 15  3.1/2.3 11,600/46,390 27,462 20 3.8/3.9 19,840/29,670 25,873 * According to the regression equation  Thus, for greatest stability identified plastisols containing 20 wt belgorod chalk% PVC. Study rheology chalk filled plastic. Practical in-terest are the rheological properties of the resulting flexible PVC plastisol. For this purpose, the molten PVC toys milled at 1800C extruded through cali-brated nozzle SmartRheo-1000 rheometer software «CeastVIEW 5,94-4D» with increasing shear rate (υ) from 0 to 1.6 s-1. According to the coefficients of the regression equation lgηpl = Cpl · lgυ + Dpl (Table 3), the melt viscosity of flexible PVC decreased regardless of the content of chalk with increasing shear rate and shear stress level increased with increasing content of chalk in flexible PVC with 5 to 20 wt %. There-fore, the melt PVC compounds, as well as plastisol was pseudoplastic fluid. Table 3 Effect of the content of chalk and shear rate  of melt plasticate by fold change  to measure multiplicity of changes  in viscosity ηpl [Pa · s] plasticate Cpl The coefficients of the regression equation lgηpl = Cpl lgυ + Dpl Contents of chalk in the plastisol, mass. % PVC Cpl Dpl 5 –1.1 3.5 10 –1.0 3.7 15 –0.9 3.8 20 –1.0 3.9  Effect of chalk in the range of from 5 to 20 wt % on the outside multiplicity reduce viscosity ver-sus shear rate Cpl = 0.9−1.1 substantially not de-tected. With increasing content of chalk in plastic its estimated maximum viscosity increased propor-tionally Dpl ratio from 3.5 to 3.9. Thus, the character of pseudoplastic melt flow-plasticity is not altered by the introduction of chalk.  Stress-strain properties of filled PVC. Rebound resilience flexible PVC containing from 5 to 20 wt % belgorod chalk, was 11−18% (Table 4). Applied to the pilot samples increase in Belgorod chalk toys from 15 to 20 wt % reduced the impact elas-ticity to 11−13%. With the growth in flexible PVC content of 5 to 20 wt % belgorod chalk revealed a slight increase in hardness (from 49 to 58 s.u. against 45 s.u.) plastic without chalk.   Table 4 Influence of the content Belgorod chalk  on the hardness and rebound resilience plasticates subjected to compression Recipe numberContents  of chalk mass. % PVC Hardness, Shore A units Rebound elasticity, % 1 0 45 17 2 5 50 16 3 10 49 17 4 15 58 18 5 20 54 18 6 10 – 18 7 15 57 11 8 20 56 13 9 20 44 18 Note. For the preparation of formulations used  No. 1–8 Belgorod chalk, and number 9 − hydrophobi-zated chalk Turkish production. Recipes No. 1–5 − labo-ratory and No. 6–9 − pilot samples ZAO “Toy Factory”. Chemistry, Technology of Organic Substances, Materials and Goods 109Introduction 20 wt % hydrophobized chalk Turkish production has not led to an increase in hardness (44 s.u.) while maintaining high flexibil-ity. This was due to the lack of interaction between the surface of the chalk-coated water-repellent composition, PVC matrix swollen with DOP. Hardness products from plastic, obtained by rotational molding, besides the content and quality of chalk and location influenced plane products (Table 5). Most surface hardness product as a cube with a wall thickness of 6 mm on the detected bot-tom plane (48−54 s.u.), the average hardness (48−52 s.u.) − in the side planes and the smallest (at 42−50 s.u.) − in the upper plane. This is due to the design of rotational molding machine, where the rate of centrifugal factor varies along the axes of the mold products. Table 5 Influence of the content Belgorod chalk and location of the molding surface on the hardness plasticate  Hardness of Shore A (units)  of surface article with content  of chalk mass. % PVC Location plane  of the article 5 10 15 Top  42–46 48–50 42–44 Bottom 52 48–50 52–54 Laterally 50–52 48−52 50–52  Samples with varying content of chalk were tested for strength, and a relative residual elonga-tion at break, tear strength (Table 6).  Table 6 Influence of the content Belgorod chalk  on stress-strain performance plasticates Deformation,%Num-ber Contents  of chalk  mass. % PVC Tensile strength, MPabreak-ing remain-ing Tear resis-tance, kN / m1 0 6.7 389 46 22.3 2 5 5.6 330 24 22.6 4 15 2.7 340 20 8.3 5 20 2.0 236 16 3.8 6 10 3.3 315 18 17.3 7 15 6.6 336 30 27.2 8 20 4.7 248 16 23.0 9 20t 1.4 204 12 4.8 Note. For the preparation of formulations used  No. 1–8 Belgorod chalk, and number 9 − hydrophobi-zated chalk Turkish production. Recipes No. 1–5 − labo-ratory and No. 6–9 − pilot samples ZAO “Toy Factory”.  With increasing content of Belgorod chalk strength of samples obtained under laboratory con-ditions, decreased. For products obtained in the pilot plant (recipe according to claim 6−9), a simi-lar dependence is not installed. In turn, the samples containing 20 wt % of chalk turkish origin, revealed abnormally low ten-sile strength of 1.4 MPa. With increasing content of chalk from 0 to 20%, and the relative residual elongation at break for both laboratory and to pilot samples and labora-tory samples tear strength decreased from 3.8 to 22.3 kN/m. For pilot samples tear resistance dependence on the content of chalk in the range 10−20 wt % change on a curve with a maximum of 27.2 kN/m at belgorod chalk content of 15 wt % PVC. Note abnormally low tear samples filled with 20 wt % turkish hydrophobized chalk due to lack of interac-tion with the surface of the particles of chalk ma-trix surface PVC, DOP swollen. Deterioration of elastic-strength indices of laboratory PVC containing 10 to 20 wt % bel-gorod chalk, as compared with the pilot associ-ated with the inability to provide a shear labora-tory conditions close to the developing in an in-dustrial setting. Conclusion. Thus, the effect of the content found on the chalk technological and technical properties of flexible PVC plastisol and PVC emulsion used in the manufacture of toys. It was confirmed that during storage the vis-cosity of the plastisols increases. Introduction Belgorod chalk plastisol in an amount of 10−20 wt % PVC plastisol initial viscosity increased, but reduced rate of viscosity increase during storage for 48 hrs. Found that with increasing content of chalk in the range of 5−15 wt % spread its content increased due to insufficient initial viscosity of the plastisol. The greatest stability was revealed for plastisols containing 20 wt % belgorod chalk with a higher initial viscosity.  With increasing shear rate viscosity of melts filled with chalk PVC decreased regardless of the content of chalk, which is typical of pseudoplastic fluids. For products obtained by rotational molding PVC filled with chalk, characterized by differences in hardness planes products by inappropriate de-sign rotational molding machine. It is shown that with increasing content of Bel-gorod chalk from 5 to 20 wt % strength and elon-gation at break of samples of toys were down. Re-sistance level of tear strength filled PVC depended on the rate of mixing of the masterbatch. Replacing belgorod chalk in toys manufactured in turkey chalk led to an anomalous drop in hard-ness, tensile strength, tear resistance, while main-taining flexibility to rebound due to lack of surface interaction chalk and PVC. Received 01.01.2013

Properties of filled compositions based on emulsion pvc

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Properties of filled compositions based on emulsion pvc

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