Küre Mountains National Park is located within the Kastamonu and Bartın Provinces. Kastamonu Province is situated in the Euro-Siberian phytogeographic region. This region lies to the northern Turkey and constitutes an important National Park. According to the grid square system adopted by Davis (1965-1985), Kastamonu is located in the squares A4. The climate of the province is oceanic. It is rainy during 269 all 4 seasons. The Kastamonu province was chosen as a research area, because its climatic conditions
(especially high humidity) and plant distributions are very suitable for the growth of microfungi

Erdogdu, Makbule

Huseyin, Elsad

Belarusian State Technological University

 268  Появление P. involutus в первый год внесения удобрений при урожаях в варианте с Nа.с рав-ном 68, а с Nм – 37 кг/га свидетельствуют о том, что его мицелий и эктомикоризы были распро-странены в почве, но карпофоры отсутствовали из-за низкого содержания в почве подвижного азо-та. Особенностью P. involutus является его уникальная способность образовываться на глубину до 50 см обильный мицелий (Шубин, 2010б). Урожаи большинства видов ЭМГ на удобренных делян-ках снизились с начала внесения удобрений. Основное снижение урожаев произошло из-за ослаб-ления плодоношения видов родов Russula и Cortinarius, Lactarius tоrminosus и Amanita muscaria. С ослаблением плодоношения P. Involutus, в начале 80-х годов, стали увеличиваться урожаи боль-шинства видов ЭМГ с возвращением в доминанты видов рода Russula. Однако увеличение их уро-жаев было временным и не компенсировало ослабления плодоношения в период доминирования P. involutus. Таким образом, средний урожай ЭМГ за период наблюдений в варианте с Nа.с, несмотря на более высокий в нем урожай P. involutus, оказался ниже, чем в варианте с Nм. По-видимому, в ва-рианте с N а.с, из-за более обильного развития мицелия и высокого урожая P. involutus, образовал-ся дефицит азота и углеводов, ограничившего плодоношение других ЭМГ. Литература Веремьева С.С. Влияние минеральных удобрений на урожаи съедобных шляпочных грибов // Ле-соведение. 1988, № 2. С. 48–55. Шубин В.И. Экологические ниши и сукцессии макромицетов-симбиотрофов в лесных экосисте-мах таежной зоны. I. Экологические ниши / В.И. Шубин // Микология и фитопатология. – 1998. – Т. 32. – Вып. 6. – С. 32–37. Шубин В.И. Значение симбиоза и содержания в почве азота для плодоношения эктомикоризных грибов. I. Значение симбиоза // Микология и фитопатология. 2010а. Т. 44, вып. 2. С. 130-136. Шубин В.И. Значение симбиоза и содержания в почве азота для плодоношения эктомикоризных грибов. II. Значение азота // Микология и фитопатология. 2010б. Т. 44, вып. 4. С. 352-358.   SOME MICROMYCETES DETERMINED ON QUERCUS PUBESCENS WILLD.  IN KURE MOUNTAINS NATIONAL PARK FOREST ECOSYSTEMS OF TURKEY Makbule ERDOĞDU, Elşad HÜSEYIN Ahi Evran University, Arts and Sci. Fac., Department of Biology, 40100 Kırşehir, TURKEY merdogdu@gmail.com  НЕКОТОРЫЕ МИКРОМИЦЕТЫ ОТМЕЧЕННЫЕ НА QUERCUS PUBESCENS Willd.  В ЛЕСНЫХ ЭКОСИСТЕМАХ НАЦИОНАЛЬНОГО ПАРКА “КЮРЕ ГОРЫ” ТУРЦИИ Макбуле Эрдогду, Эльшад Хусейин  B Турции естественно произрастает 18 видов дуба, среди которых Quercus pubescens (дуб пуши-стый) распространен повсеместно, образует чистые или смешанные леса. В Национвльном парке “Кюре Горы” является одним из главных лесообразующих пород. На дубе пушистом отмечено развитие 12 видов микромицетов. Все они представители разных классов сумчатых грибов (Ascomycota).  Quercus L. (oak) is one of the most important woody genera in the northern hemisphere, namely in North America, Europe, and especially in Eastern Asia, where the highest diversity can be found with about 250 species (Özcan, 2007). In Turkey, Quercus species have a natural distribution of about 6.5 million ha area including many subspecies, varieties, and natural hybrids (Özcan & Bayçu, 2005). Hedge and Yaltırık (1982), who classified the Quercus species existing in Turkey, considered a total number of 18 species, which was a reduction from the previously accepted 35 Quercus species. However, nomenclatural and typification problems are still unresolved (Borazan & Babaç, 2003), because widespread hybridisation and introgression have much obscured specific limits (Hedge & Yaltırık, 1982). Küre Mountains National Park is located within the Kastamonu and Bartın Provinces. Kastamonu Province is situated in the Euro– Siberian phytogeographic region. This region lies to the northern Turkey and constitutes an important National Park. According to the grid square system adopted by Davis (1965–1985), Kastamonu is located in the squares A4. The climate of the province is oceanic. It is rainy during  269  all 4 seasons. The Kastamonu province was chosen as a research area, because its climatic conditions (especially high humidity) and plant distributions are very suitable for the growth of microfungi. The material of this study comprises microfungi specimens collected on Quercus pubescens in Kastamonu Kure Mountains National Park in the years 2005 and 2006. As a result of field and laboratory studies, a total 12 species of micromycetes identified on Quercus pubescens (Camarosporium oreades (Durieu & Mont.) Sacc., Camarosporium quercus Sacc. & Roum., Colpoma quercinum (Pers.) Wallr., Coniothyrium chochrjakovii Hüseyın, Cylindrosporium associata Bubák, Diatrype stigma (Hoffm.) Fr., Erysiphe alphitoides (Griffon & Maubl.) U. Braun & S. Takam., Hyalodictyum colchicum Woron., Myxosporium lanceola Sacc. & Roum., Phyllosticta italica Montemart., Phyllosticta ludoviciana Ellis & G. Martin and Sporonema lathami (Dearn.) Arx). Identified microfungi are represented by Ascomycota. The largest classis is Dothideomycetes, of which we found 5 species in the study area. Another classis Leotiomycetes is represented by 4 species. Incertae sedis classis is represented by 2 species. Sordariomycetes is represented by 1 species. Orders in these classis are: Botryosphaeriales (4), Helotiales (2), Incertae sedis (2), Erysiphales (1), Pleosporales (1), Rhytismatales (1), Xylariales (1). According to species numbers, the largest genera in the research area are Camarosporium and Phyllosticta (2 species). The other 8 genera are represented by 1 species. The identified 12 species belong to two trophic groups. Phyllotrophs (7) are richest in the number of species and dominant among the trophic groups. Phyllotrophic group is represented by Camarosporium oreades, Cylindrosporium associata, Erysiphe alphitoides, Hyalodictyum colchicum, Phyllosticta italica, Phyllosticta ludoviciana and Sporonema lathami. Xylotrophic group is represented by Colpoma quercinum, Diatrype stigma, Myxosporium lanceola, Camarosporium quercus and Coniothyrium chochrjakovii. The recorded microfungi revealed different consort relationships with their host plants. This consort relationships were positive, negative, indifferent and antagonistic. Although fungi develop on edificators in indifferent consortive relations, hosts can continue their normal development and seed.  There is an indifferent relation between Camarosporium oreades with Quercus pubescens in the field. Microfungus consort in negative consortive relations are generally represented with obligate parasites and sometimes with facultative parasites or pathogens. Hyalodictyum colchicum with Quercus pubescens is example of microfungi and host that have negative relations. In positive consortive relations, microfungi enable frag-mentation of organic components (lignin, pektit, cellulose) until simple mineral components and ensure continuity of energy flow in biocoenosis. Saprotroph microfungi that play an active role in substance cycle by creating a humus-like substance by crumbling wood are in a positive relation with their hosts. There are positive consortive relations between Colpoma quercinum, Diatrype stigma, Myxosporium lanceola, Camarosporium quercus, Coniothyrium chochrjakovii and Quercus pubescens. Antagonistic relations were not registered in study area. Sporonema lathami, Myxosporium lanceola, Camarosporium quercus and Phyllosticta ludoviciana are reported for the first time from Turkey.   ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ ЗАЩИТЫ ЯСЕНЯ ОБЫКНОВЕННОГО В ПИТОМНИКАХ  ОТ ХАЛАРОВОГО НЕКРОЗА Ярук А.В.1, Звягинцев В.Б.1, КовбасаН.П.1, Митрахович А.П.1, Савицкий А.В.1, Ярук И.В.2 1Белорусский государственный технологический университет, Минск smile_04@mail.ru; 2Центральный ботанический сад НАН Беларуси  THE EFFICIENCY OF COMMON ASH PROTECTION FROM ASH DIEBACK  IN FOREST NURSERIES Yaruk A.V., Zvyagintsev V.B., Kovbasa N.P., Mitrakhovich A.P., Savitski A.V., Yaruk I.V.  Ash dieback is a new deleterious disease of ash stands in Europe. It is the most dangerous for young plants in forest nurseries. There are no registered in Belarus products to protect plantings from this pathogen. We analyzed the effect of 4 chemical (Absolut, Rajok,Azimuth and new one with work name FRNF-18-2, КЭ) and 4 biological (Bethaprotectin, Phythoprotectin, Ecogrin, Fruthin) pesticides on pathogenic pathway in forest nurseries of Belarus. Biological effectiveness in different concentr a-tions and processing  ratio is defined. 

Some micromycetes determined on Quercus pubescens Willd. In Kure Mountais National park forest ecosystems of Turkey

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Some micromycetes determined on Quercus pubescens Willd. In Kure Mountais National park forest ecosystems of Turkey

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