It is proposed to use the system of optimization of mineral nutrition mode for perennials flowers used in landscaping of recreational objects of the central part of Minsk, which was developed taking into account the needs in basic elements of mineral nutrition of particular plants, the actual content of these elements in the soil and the optimal values of their concentration, that will enhance the aesthetic qualities of the flower plantings and rational use of fertilizers

Burganskaya, T. M.

Rusalenko, V. G.

Belarusian State Technological University

Forest Protectoin and Landscaping 171  УДК 635.9:631.82 V. G. Rusalenko, PhD (Biology), senior lecturer (BSTU); T. M. Burganskaya, PhD (Biology), assistant professor, head of department (BSTU) OPTIMIZATION OF THE MINERAL NUTRITION MODE OF THE PERENNIAL FLOWERS USED IN LANDSCAPING OF RECREATIONAL OBJECTS  OF THE CENTRAL PART OF MINSK It is proposed to use the system of optimization of mineral nutrition mode for perennials flowers used in landscaping of recreational objects of the central part of Minsk, which was developed taking in-to account the needs in basic elements of mineral nutrition of particular plants, the actual content of these elements in the soil and the optimal values of their concentration, that will enhance the aesthetic qualities of the flower plantings and rational use of fertilizers. Introduction. Aesthetic qualities of floral-decorative compositions in many respects depend on regular plants tending during the vegetation pe-riod. Lack of watering, irregularity of fertilizers application and weeding reduce essentially the de-corative qualities of the plants used in floral de-sign. Rational application of fertilizers to flowers is possible in principle only on the basis of the soil analyses data, received by agrochemical service. While developing a system of plants extra nutri-tion the biological requirements of the crop being grown for particular mineral elements should be tak-en in consideration. In this connection it is reasonable to study the content of the main macro-elements in the flower beds soil and in vegetative samples of grassy decorative perennial plants for efficiency es-timation of the agrotechnical actions on plants extra nutrition and working out the improvement ways of fertilizers application system on the whole. Main part. Objects of research in 2012 were perennial floral-decorative plants used for recrea-tional areas decoration of the central part of Minsk. Agrochemical tests of the flower beds soil (рН de-termination of the salt extract according to STAN-DARD 26483-85; nitrate nitrogen according to STANDARD 26951-86; of mobile phosphorus forms according to STANDARD 26207-91; of po-tassium, aqueous extract according to STAN-DARD 26427-85), and content determination of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in leaves of the perennial flowers under study were done in the agrochemical laboratory of the industrial municipal unitary enterprise “Minskzelenstroy”. 162 analyses of soil and vegetative samples were done from April till September, 2012 according to the gener-ally accepted techniques [1–5]. Results of the agrochemical soil analysis in the flower beds, created using perennial floral-decorative plants, are given in Table 1. The obtained data testifies that in the first half of vegetative pe-riod of perennial floral-decorative plants (end of April – beginning of May, 2012) the nitrogen con-tent in soil under all studied perennial flowers was rather low for the vegetative growth beginning when plants especially need this mineral element in flower beds on recreational objects under study of the cen-tral part of Minsk. The similar situation was with potassium content in the soil samples. Along with the low content of nitrogen and po-tassium in the soil under the examined flowers a rather high content of phosphorus in soil was found out, that can cause considerable decrease in de-corative qualities of perennial plants.  The conducted researches showed a low con-tent of the main mineral elements in leaves of the perennial floral-decorative plants in June and July, 2012 (Table 2). According to E. Z. Mantrova’s research [6], at the nitrogen content of 30–35 mg/g in leaves of li-lies, the plant gives a considerable quantity of floral shoots and flowers, at the same time a long-term and intensive blossoming is observed. In leaves of lilies growing in the public garden in Independence square of Minsk there is only 11.2 mg/g of nitrogen, thus plants have low decorative qualities. Peonies possess the highest intensity of con-sumption of nitrogen and potassium among other decorative plants. The greatest nitrogen content in leaves of peonies is observed in the budding phase (44.6 mg/g of solid) and during intensive vegeta-tive growth (35 mg/g), it sharply decreases to the vegetation end (16.1 mg/g) [6].  At the same time in leaves of peonies growing in a flower bed in the public garden in Victory square of Minsk, the nitrogen content in the bud-ding phase is only 9.8 mg/g of solid, and that nega-tively affects the blossoming efficiency and flow-ers quality. In leaves of irises unlike many other flowers the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content is rather low. According to the data of E. Z. Mantrova [6], the greatest nitrogen content in leaves of irises is observed in the phase of the second vegetative growth (August) and makes 26,6 mg/g of solid. The least nitrogen content (16.5 mg/g of solid) in leaves is observed in 4 weeks after blossoming (July). In leaves of irises growing in flower beds in Independence square and in the public garden near hotel “Minsk”, the nitrogen content is low and makes 10.7 and 8.2 mg/g of solid accordingly. 172 ISSN 1683-0377. Proceedings of BSTU. 2013. No. 1. Forestry  Table 1  Results of agrochemical analyses of soil under perennial flowers, used in landscaping of recreational objects of the central part of Minsk Plant name Place of sample selection Soil moisture content, % pH in KClElement content, mg/l of soilN P KAstilbe Area near the National  Library of Belarus 15.0/15.2 7.2/7.1 15.6/11.3 180.0/130.3 30.2/54.7 Bergenia Public garden in Kalinovsky street 13.3/13.5 6.6/7.1 17.3/14.2 172.8/167.0 139.7/108.0Area near the National  Library of Belarus 8.8/27.4 7.1/7.2 13.5/15.9 174.2/166.4 44.6/41.8 Carnation Boulevard “Minchanka” 17.3/25.6 6.6/7.0 47.1/19.5 216.0/254.3 118.1/74.9Heuchera Sendayky public garden 20.8/22.1 7.3/7.0 13.0/28.5 116.6/112.6 56.2/47.5Public garden in Bobruiskaya street 22.8/23.9 7.3/7.1 16.6/22.8 80.6/139.2 36.0/87.8Public garden near the hotel “Planet” 13.9/27.8 7.3/7.2 88.7/23.5 182.9/132.2 37.4/56.2Iris Public garden near the hotel “Minsk” 12.9/28.0 7.4/7.1 6.34/34.8 246.2/167.6 49.0/66.2Lily Public garden in Independence square 31.0/30.1 6.7/7.2 18.9/27.5 273.6/268.8 59.0/63.4Peony Public garden in Victory square 21.2/– 7.4/– 135.5/– 49.0/– 87.8/–Rock-crest Public garden in Bobruiskaya street 27.7/27.2 7.1/7.0 16.6/24.8 158.4/151.8 93.6/109.4Ostrich fern Mikhaylovsky public garden 17.0/– 7.3/– 26.2/– 146.1/– 208.8/–Tulip Boulevard in Lenin street 23.4/– 7.1/– 43.7/– 169.9/– 60.5/–Aleksandrovsky public garden 22.8/– 7.4/– 14.0/– 132.5/– 28.8/–Phlox Area near the National  Library of Belarus 15.2/20.3 7.3/6.9 19.9/17.2 172.8/230.2 112.3/41.8 Hosta Aleksandrovsky public garden 13.6/16.8 7.4/7.7 20.6/83.1 306.7/191.6 40.3/53.3Sendayky public garden 19.5/20.6 7.1/7.2 9.9/25.2 119.5/123.3 56.2/43.2Public garden in Independence square 27.9/16.5 7.3/7.1 14.2/26.8 79.2/126.5 47.5/54.7Public garden in Bobruiskaya street 25.9/24.3 7.5/7.2 16.3/23.2 61.9/117.6 43.2/47.5Public garden near the hotel “Planeta” 11.9/13.3 7.4/7.6 62.5/65.2 165.6/124.6 38.9/56.2Note. Through slash there are indexes values in the first and second half of plants vegetation. Table 2 Content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in leaves of perennial flowers, used in landscaping of recreational areas of the central part of Minsk in 2012, mg/g Plant name Place of the flower bed location Nitrogen Phosphorus Potassium18.06.12 09.07.12 18.06.12 09.07.12 18.06.12 09.07.12Astilbe Area near the National Library of Belarus 8.1 – 5.0 – 0.5 –Bergenia Area near the National Library of Belarus 7.2 8.6 9.6 3.9 0.9 1.9Carnation Boulevard “Minchanka” 10.5 10.1 6.1 6.4 2.2 2.0Heuchera Aleksandrovsky public garden – – 3.2 – – –Public garden in Bobruiskaya street – 6.3 3.7 4.3 0.5 1.7Public garden near the hotel “Planet” – 15.7 6.7 7.7 1.4 2.5Sendaysky public garden – 13.4 – 3.4 1.0 1.7Iris Public garden in Independence square 10.7 – 5.8 – 1.9 Public garden near the hotel “Minsk” – 8.2 – 6.0 – 2.4Lily Public garden in Independence square 11.2 10.0 4.6 5.3 2.3 2.7Peony Public garden in Victory square 9.8 – 4.4 – 0.7 –Rock-crest Public garden in Bobruiskaya street 10.4 10.2 5.0 5.4 2.0 2.8Public garden in Kalinovsky street – 8.6 – 3.9 – 1.9Ostrich fern Mikhaylovsky public garden – 7.0 – 6.3 – 2.2Tulip Boulevard in Lenin street 10.5 – 5.9 – 1.4 –Cour d’honneur near the Officers’ Club 9.5 – 6.6 – 0.5 –Phlox Area near the National Library of Belarus 9.0 9.5 5.5 4.9 2.1 1.4Hosta Aleksandrovsky public garden 16.4 11.7 7.3 6.8 1.8 5.0Sendaysky public garden 17.2 11.3 7.9 9.5 1.2 2.5Public garden in Independence square 15.4 11.5 5.9 6.7 1.1 2.5Mikhaylovsky public garden 19.3 – 5.9 – 1.5 –Public garden in Bobruiskaya street 13.1 12.2 8.2 8.5 1.5 2.2Public garden near the hotel “Planet” 12.0 12.9 7.3 7.8 2.4 2.1Forest Protectoin and Landscaping 173  While working out the system of mineral ferti-lizers application under perennial floral-decorative plants it is necessary to take in consideration that high consumption of nitrogen during all vegetation is typical of them, nitrogen content in soil should be not less than 60 mg/l. Potassium consumption by perennial flowers increases in the budding phase, its content in soil during this period should be not less than 90 mg/l. Phosphorus is assimilated by perennial flowers more or less evenly during all vegetation period and its concentration in soil should be supported at level of potassium content [6]. According to our calculations, mineral elements concentration should be higher (Table 3) for the main perennial flowers of the open ground on sod-podzol soils. Mineral elements lack should be introduced under perennial flowers during the vegetation pe-riod in extra nutrition, timed in such a way to coin-cide with certain phases of plants growth and de-velopment. Proceeding from the actual content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in soil under perennial flowers and the optimal content of min-eral elements in soil the application doses of the main macro-elements can be calculated while doing extra nutrition of plants (Table. 4). Application doses of mineral fertilizers into soil can be calculated proceeding from the availa-bility of certain kinds of fertilizers.  While doing extra nutrition of perennial floral-decorative plants it is necessary to take in consid-eration that the peonies roots bulk is in the soil layer of about 50 cm, and of other studied kinds of perennial floral-decorative plants – 20 cm. It is possible to do root extra nutrition of plants in a dry or liquid form [7]. Based on the actual content of nitrogen, phos-phorus and potassium in the soil samples under perennial flowers on the landscaping objects of the central part of Minsk and on the optimal content of mineral elements in soil the fertilizers application doses can be similarly calculated while doing extra nutrition of astilbe, bergenia, heuchera, lily, hosta and other plants. Table 3 The optimal content of mineral elements for the main perennial flowers  at their cultivation on sod-podzol sandy loam soils, mg/l Plant name  N P K Plant name  N P K Astilbe  240 210 290 Peony 240 210 290 Bergenia  160 200 250 Tulip 500 300 400 Heuchera  160 200 250 Phlox 320 120 230 Iris 330 210 290 Hosta 160 200 250 Lily 500 300 400 – – – – Table 4 Doses of the main macro-elements for application in extra nutrition under irises, peonies,  tulips, phloxes on recreational objects of the central part of Minsk Extra nutrition according to the plants phase of growth and development  Micro-element dose, g/m2 N P K Hybrid tulip (breeds) Appearance of shoots 48.6 11.2 24.7 Budding phase 48.6 11.2 24.7 Mass blossoming – 11.2 24.7 Breed peonies  Sprouts growth beginning  19.10 – – Budding phase 10.95 26.80 35.40 Blossoming beginning 19.10 26.80 35.40 One month after blossoming beginning – 26.90 35.45 Moss pink (phlox) Sprouts growth beginning 9.3 – 6.9 Intensive vegetative growth 9.3 – 6.9 Budding phase 9.3 – 6.9 Blossoming end – – 6.9 Hybrid iris (breeds) Growth beginning of the elevated part 21.6 – 16.1 Budding phase beginning  21.6 4.6 16.1 3 weeks after blossoming  21.6 4.6 16.1 174 ISSN 1683-0377. Proceedings of BSTU. 2013. No. 1. Forestry  Conclusion. The conducted research showed that there are considerable fluctuations of the main macro-elements content in soil under perennial flowers on the landscaping objects of the central part of Minsk. Low content of nitrogen and potas-sium in soil can be one of the primary reasons of decrease of the growth intensity and decorative effect of the cultivated perennial plants. The extra nutritions being conducted do not satisfy their needs in the main mineral nutrition elements. Introduction in the care of perennial flowers of scientifically well-founded system of the fertilizers application, based on the content recording of min-eral elements in the soil samples and the optimal level of their content in soil for the plant being cul-tivated, will permit to increase the decorative qualities and resistance of plants used in landscap-ing of open areas of Minsk.  References 1. Почвы. Приготовление солевой вытяжки и определение ее pH по методу ЦИНАО: ГОСТ 26483-85. – Введ. 26.03.1985. – М.: Гос. комитет СССР по стандартам, 1985. – 4 с. 2. Почвы. Определение нитратов иономет-рическим методом: ГОСТ 26951-86. – Введ. 30.06.1986. – М.: Гос. комитет СССР по стан-дартам, 1986. – 9 с. 3. Почвы. Определение подвижных соеди-нений фосфора и калия по методу Кирсанова в модификации ЦИНАО: ГОСТ 26207-91. – Введ. 29.12.1991. – М.: Гос. комитет СССР по стан-дартам, 1991. – 7 с. 4. Почвы. Метод определения натрия и ка-лия в водной вытяжке: ГОСТ 26427-85. – Введ. 08.02.1985. – М.: Гос. комитет СССР по стан-дартам, 1985. – 4 с. 5. Фоменко, К. П. Методика определения азо-та, фосфора и калия в растениях из одной навески / К. П. Фоменко, Н. Н. Нестеров // Химия в сель-ском хозяйстве. – 1970. – № 10. – С. 72–74. 6. Мантрова, Е. З. Особенности питания и удобрение декоративных культур / Е. З. Ман-трова. – М.: Изд-во МГУ, 1973. – 235 с. 7. Лунина, Н. М. Декоративные многолет-ники (ассортимент, агротехника, использова-ние) / Н. М. Лунина. – Минск: Изд-во Э. С. Галь-перин, 1997. – 168 с. Received 22.01.2013 

Optimization of the mineral nutrition mode of the perennial flowers used in landscaping of recreational objects of the central part of Minsk

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Optimization of the mineral nutrition mode of the perennial flowers used in landscaping of recreational objects of the central part of Minsk

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