This study examines the impacts of climate change on human and national security to Sierra Leone from 2000–2022, focusing on physical and social dimensions. Using data from the government of Sierra Leone and international organizations, the research provides insights into Sierra Leone’s climate change vulnerabilities and adaptive capacities. The findings indicate that extreme weather events are becoming more frequent and severe. While it is uncertain if climate change is the direct cause, there is likely a connection. Climate change has led the country to experience a rising temperature of 0.18°C per decade since the 1960s, thus affecting Sierra Leone’s food security, increasing economic cost, displacing people, and increasing the possibility of conflict between farmers and herders. The research also shows that the Sierra Leone government has established various institutions and policies intended to reduce the impacts of climate change, with a focus on agricultural transformation, climate change awareness and preparedness, and healthcare resilience. Despite these efforts, challenges persist, including inadequate coordination and implementation gaps in certain adaptive programs. Recommendations are provided to enhance monitoring and evaluation, strengthen environmental conservation policies, and improve coordination among stakeholders to maximize the effectiveness and sustainability of climate change adaptation initiatives in Sierra Leone.Distribution Statement A. Approved for public release: Distribution is unlimited.Major, Sierra Leone Arm
