Madigan, Francis C.

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archīum.ATENEO (Ateneo de Manila Univ.)

Philippine Studies: Historical and Ethnographic Viewpoints Volume 7 Number 4 Article 27 12-31-1959 The Study of Population: Demographic Analysis Francis C. Madigan Follow this and additional works at: https://archium.ateneo.edu/phstudies Recommended Citation Madigan, Francis C. (1959) "The Study of Population: Demographic Analysis," Philippine Studies: Historical and Ethnographic Viewpoints: Vol. 7: No. 4, Article 27. Available at: https://archium.ateneo.edu/phstudies/vol7/iss4/27 This Book Review is brought to you for free and open access by the Ateneo Journals at Archīum Ateneo. It has been accepted for inclusion in Philippine Studies: Historical and Ethnographic Viewpoints by an authorized editor of Archīum Ateneo. philippine studiesAteneo de Manila University • Loyola Heights, Quezon City • 1108 PhilippinesThe Study of Population:Demographic AnalysisReview Author: Francis C. MadiganPhilippine Studies vol. 7, no. 4 (1959): 539–542Copyright © Ateneo de Manila UniversityPhilippine Studies is published by the Ateneo de Manila University. Contents may not be copied or sent via email or other  means to multiple sites and posted to a listserv without the copyright holder’s written permission. Users may download and print articles for individual, noncom-mercial use only. However, unless prior permission has been obtained, you may not download an entire issue of a journal, or download multiple copies of articles.Please contact the publisher for any further use of this work at philstudies@admu.edu.ph.http://www.philippinestudies.netFri June 30 13:30:20 2008BOOK REVIEWS When the author reaches the second operation of the mind he again brings out the logical relations involved, especially in the square of opposition; thus the student comes to realize that just a s  the chemist studies the; properties of sulfur and the laws of its combination, so the logician studies the properties of logical relations and the laws govern- ing their combination. In  his treatment of the third operation of the mind, the author has some very valuable aids for translating a categorical argument from its grammatical brevity into its full and formal logical structure. Thus the student is brought to realize the present-day utility and importance of Logic in all fields of knowledge. Moreover, after the author has treated the demonstrative, dialec- tical, rhetorical and literary syllogisms, the student becomes aware that  Logic as  conceived by an Aristotelian and a Thomist is quite dif- ferent from a list of dead rules. It lives in homes as  different a s  ma- thematics and literature. The student of Logic should be able to iden- tify any of the four forms of discourse a n 4  according to the differ- ent standards required in each care, lend a critical eye to each of them. Next the author shows how history is a valuable preparation for science, giving us in the intellectual order those opinions where dialec- tic must begin and in the moral order that experience of others' con- duct which aids us to regulate our own. In  Par t  VI entitled "Special Questions" the author explains the experimental method by showing that i t  belongs to the operation of induction by incomplete enumeration. After this the author brings out the relation of hypothesis to logic. Next the author considers Mill's "Canons of Induction" and gives a clear evaluation of them indicating their weakness and their true value. Next the author explains "Statistical Reasoning" and, then in two chapters, he briefly examines what is called the propositional c a l c ~ l ~ s ,  which is a branch of modern symbolic or, a s  i t  is often called, mathe- matical logic, and shows the difference between the Aristotelian logi- cian and the modern logician. In the last part of his book, the author treats of "Fallacies" by means of some very important and up-to-date case histories. THE STUDY OF POPULATION DEIKOGRAP'HIC ANALYSIS: SELECTED READINGS. Edited by Joseph J. Spengler and Otis Dudley Duncan. Glencoe, Ill.: The Free Press, 1956. xv, 819p. $9.50. PHILIPPINE STUDIES POPULATION THEORY AND POLICY: SELECTED READINGS. Edited by Joseph J. Spengler and Otis Dudley Duncan. Glencoe, Ill.: The Free Press, 1956. xi, 522p. $7.50. I t  is difficult to evaluate books of readings because the articles chosen for inclusion will vary in scholarship, insight and continued usefulness. However, Professors Spengler of Duke University and Duncan of the University of Chicago are to be congratulated for hav- ing edited in these companion volumes two of the better class of such collected readings. That these collections are the only volumes of their kind in the field of population in recent years makes them espe- cially useful. Nevertheless, the reader will occasionally wonder by what logic some articles were omitted and why less satisfactory ones were included. The volumes are not intended a s  textbooks nor would they be ap- propriate for such use except in advanced reading courses. They rather serve as  supplements to one of the standard population textbooks and the professor's lectures. The readings in Demographic Awlysi.9 do not explain and develop statistical techniques but, presupposing these, they illustrate how ap- propriate research design and thoughtful analysis can direct the ga- thering and statistical treatment of such data not only to test but to generate hypotheses and thus to shed increasing light on empirical problems. Altogether 63 articles, exclusive of the editors' generally valuable introductions to each general topic, are presented. These cover the seven fields of growth and distribution of world population; mortality; fertility; international distribution of population and migra- tion; internal distribution and migration; population composition and human resources; and regional studies. International distribution re- ceived the smallest number of articles (3) while population composi- tion and human resources had the largest number (16). The contributors include many of the outstanding English-speaking writers in demography and social science. However there seems to be tao much stress laid in the selection of articles for inclusion on the work of American demographers, and one is part ic~~larly surprised to find, in a volume that  i s  claimed to be of wide-ranging scope, that none of the work of the French demographers is included. The inclusion of "The Field of Population Quality" by Julian Woodward is quite questionable. This rather dated and controversial piece of special pleading is out of place in a scientific work. State- ments from i t  such as: "the socio-economic elite.. . probably do have some eugenic advantage over the rest of the population" are more calculated to raise the blood pressure than the level of knowledge. The failure to include the source and the date of publication for each of the articles causes the reader serious inconvenience in tracking down this information. The only alternatives are searching the period- BOOK REVIEWS 541 ical indices or wading through the labyrinth of acknowledgments in the front of the book. The absence of author and subject indices are also serious draw- backs, especially in a book proposed as  a supplementary text or a sourcebook. On the other hand the bibliographies to periodical litera- ture given for each main topic will be helpful to students. The printing of the volume is faulty, for the articles are set in different types and different formats, a feature that  certainly does not make the volume easier to use. The companion volume, Population Theory and Policy, consists of 38 articles besides the editors' introductions spread (rather thinly in places) over nine topics and concerned with three main points: the development and application of population theory; the implications of demographic phenomena for social structure with the resultant prob- lems of change and human welfare; and population policy. The nine topics are: the development of population theory; i ts  role; theories of population growth; the relationship between population and resources, technology, and levels of living; population movements and levels of economic activity; population growth and econonlic develop- ment; population growth and international relations; cultural contexts and population movements; and population policy. That only the first 151 pages of a 522-page volume on popula- tion theory and policy are devoted explicitly to theory is a symptom of the state of population science. If one may use a metaphor from housing, in the theory wing of this discipline a morgue-like silence prevails whereas in the statistical investigations and applications wing and in the policy wing there is great hustle-bustle and activity. Many excellent and stimulating articles are to be found among the 38 presented, particularly those of Vance, Hauser, Lorimer (2) and Hiller. Although there are  many others, the book would be worth its price on the basis of these five alone. However, the economic im- plications of population movements seem rather overstressed. More emphasis on the cu!tural components and the psychological and socio- logicaI consequences than is given would have been welcome. A regrettable feature of this volume is the entrance of many of the authors into the value-laden fields of social action and govern- mental policy without clear warning to the reader that  they are no longer speaking as  scientists on the basis of scientific competence but as  citizens on the grounds of intuitional judgments and personal values. The rather constant advocacy of the use of contraceptive devices to restrict births in situations of actual or potential overpopulation is a case in point. While i t  is conceded that such devices are technically adequate for birth restriction purposes, there are moral and social issues associated with their use that cannot be handled by the methods PHILIPPINE STUDIES of science, viz., recourse to the testing of hypotheses on the basis of sensible phenomena. To present one's own intuitive judgments and values a s  though these were confirmed by science is to engage in special pleading and to misguide the reader. The criticisms leveled against the companion volume apply also to Population Theory nmd Policy in regard to the lack of subject and author indices. However, the source of each article is given. The volume also contains biographies of the contributors and helpful biblio- graphies of periodical literature upon each of the nine topics discussed. FlLlPlNlANA IN THE NEWBERRY A CATALOGUE OF PRINTE ATERIALS RELATING TO THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS, Wb3(Iigoo, IN THE NEWBERRY LIB- RARY. Compiled by Doris Varner Welsh. Chicago: The New- berry Library, 1959, viii, 179 p. The publication of a reference work for a large accumulation of Filipiniana i s  always an  important event for Philippine bibliographers and collectors of Filipiniana. Hence, the Catalogue of Miss Welsh will be received with pleasure, especially here in the Philippines. I t  will fill a real need for information, since i t  discloses in detail what ie available in the Newberry Library in Chicago. Reference should be made to John Leddy Phelan's "The Philippine Collection in the New- berry Library", published in ThR Newbwry L4brw-g Bulletin of March 1955, in which he tells of the origin of the Ayer Collection and gives a brief evaluation of the Philippine holdings of the library. At  that time he made specific reference to the Checklist of Philippine Linguis- tics in The Newberrv Library, compiled by Miss Welsh and published in Chicago in 1950, which contains 1154 items. Since then, in 1956, the Calendar of Philippine Documents in the Ayer Collection of The Newbemy Library by Paul Stanton Leitz has been published. I t  con- tains 370 ms. items. The Catalogue of Miss Welsh brings to comple- tion the listing of the. Philippine holdings in the Newberry Library, recording 1858 items, including 70 contained in the appendix. Thus, there are  now published the titles of a total of 3482 Filipiniana items, with some duplications, a s  indicated below. Almost the entire Catalogue is devoted to listing Philippine items, including an appendix of 70 linguistic &ems. Relatively few pages are devoted to explanations and aids. Miss Welsh states that  the Catalogue is not a critical bibliography; therefore, no attempt is made a t  evaluation of the various items or even a t  a complete description of them. The Catalogue describes the 

The Study of Population: Demographic Analysis

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