The Study of Difference in Perspectives Between First and Second Generation Pakistani Norwegian Men About Gender Roles, Masculinity, Gender-Based Violence (GBV) and Mechanisms of Dealing With GBV in Norway

Abstract

The concepts of patriarchy, masculinity, and gender-based violence have been extensively explored in gender studies yet remain relatively underdiscussed within the realm of International Relations. This thesis aims to enhance the comprehension of these gender-related issues within immigrant communities, using a feminist perspective. The research investigated the differing viewpoints of first and second generation Pakistani Norwegian men in Norway, uncovering the key contestations surrounding gender roles, masculinity, gender-based violence (GBV), and strategies for addressing GBV in Norway. Through an ethnographic approach, qualitative data was gathered from 20 individuals within the Pakistani community residing in Oslo, Ski, Ås, and Moss. Analysis of this data revealed a nuanced interplay between societal, cultural, religious, and traditional factors that influence and shape community’s perspectives across generations on gender, gender roles, GBV, masculinity, and legal recourse in Norway. The study underscores the necessity for future research in the field of immigration studies that adopts a gender-inclusive and gender-balanced approach and incorporates deep contextual understanding of immigrant communities. Keywords: International Relations, Immigration, Feminist Theory, Masculinity, Gender, Gender-based Violence, Norwa