A comparative analysis of a compact planar Squarepatch Microstrip Multiband antenna on three different substratesis proposed. The proposed design has a C-shaped slot etched on thesquare radiating part and the antenna is energized usingmicrostrip feed line. RT Duroid 

D H, Sachina

Khan, Imran

Kumaraswamy, H V

Nagaraju, P

Sudhindra, K R

English

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications (Warsaw University of Technology)

INTL JOURNAL OF ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS, 2022, VOL. 68, NO. 4, PP. 715-719 Manuscript received October 25, 2021; revised November 2022.                        DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2022.143877   © The Author(s). This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided that the Article is properly cited.    Abstract—A comparative analysis of a compact planar Square patch Microstrip Multiband antenna on three different substrates is proposed. The proposed design has a C-shaped slot etched on the square radiating part and the antenna is energized using microstrip feed line. RT Duroid (𝜺𝒓 = 𝟐. 𝟐), Taconic (𝜺𝒓 = 𝟑. 𝟐) and FR4 (𝜺𝒓 = 𝟒. 𝟒) substrates are used for simulation analysis. The flow of current is modified by the C-shaped slot making the antenna to resonate at 3/4 and 6 bands for RT Duroid/Taconic and FR4 substrates respectively suitable for 5G sub GHz applications. The antenna has a compact dimension of 𝟑𝟐 × 𝟑𝟐 × 𝟏. 𝟔𝒎𝒎𝟑and exhibits a return loss, S11 of less than -10dB for all the resonating frequencies for all three substrates. The analysis has been done by considering the S11 (Return loss <-10 dB), Directivity, Antenna Gain, VSWR and surface current distribution. Table II provides the comparison of parameters for different substrate material.  Keywords—C-shape; RT Duroid; Taconic (TLC); FR4; 5G I. INTRODUCTION MALL-CELL and Internet of thing device usage has increased, resulting in increase of traffic. The current network has been transformed into 5G technology, which requires more capacity, faster data rates and ultra-low latency. 5G is a next-generation mobile communication technology that provides greater capacity and data speeds than the previous generation Long Term Evolution technology (LTE) [1]. Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication systems have got a lot of interest, thanks to the rapid development of autonomous vehicle technology. The demand for the creation of an automobile antenna for LTE and 5G communication bands has risen drastically as part of the connected car system [2]. A number of strategies for achieving multiband antenna configuration have been proposed in the literature, including slots [3-7], fractals [8], arrays [9], and so on. Different substrate materials have been studied to investigate the effect of dielectric material on antenna performance. The performance is taken into account for the 5G application. A comparison research was conducted on many parameters, taking into account different dielectric substance. The proposed patch antenna with a substrate made of RT Duroid performs well in 5G communication [10]. This paper provides a comparative analysis of C-shaped slotted MSPA and its simulation for 5G applications. The   Nagaraju P and H V Kumaraswamy are with Department of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering, RVCE, Bangalore, India (e-mail: p.nagaraju.rvce@gmail.com, kumaraswamyhv@rvce.edu.in). Imran Khan is with Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, Government Engineering College, Ramanagara, India (e-mail: imrangce@gmail.com,  Correspondence). proposed slotted antenna consists of a rectangular radiator (𝐿2 × 𝑊2) in which a C-shaped slot is etched out. The flow of current is modified by the C-shaped slot thereby tuning the antenna to operate at various useful bands. There is no requirement of impedance matching circuit externally and the impedance matching is solely achieved at these bands by using a rectangular microstrip feed line with dimension of (𝐿5 ×𝑊7). The simulation is performed for this antenna using RT duroid, TLC and FR4 substrates and the results are compared.   II. ANTENNA DESIGN METHODOLOGY The proposed antenna structure is modelled on RT Duroid/Taconic and FR4 substrates with a compact size of 32 × 32 × 1.6𝑚𝑚3, the details about the proposed structure is given in Fig. 1 and the dimensions are tabulated in Table I. The proposed antenna design consists of a ground plane and a radiating patch equipped with C-shaped slot with the dimensions (𝐿3 × 𝑊3 × 𝐿4 × 𝑊4) on the patch. The C-shaped structure is easy to implement in various portable devices. The C-shaped structure is the elementary structure. The existence of this C slot will change the current path length so that antenna can resonate in the multiband mode. The designed patch antenna is excited by microstrip feed line using lumped port excitation to achieve good impedance match at the operating bands. TABLE I DIMENSIONS OF THE PROPOSED DESIGN Parameters Dimensions (in mm) W1,L1 32 W2 20 L2 16 W3 15 L3, L4 6 W4 13 W5, W6 9 L5 10 W7 2 Sachin and Sudhindra K R are with Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, BMSCE, Bangalore, India (e-mail: sudhin77@gmail.com). Analysis of C-shape Slotted MSPA for 5G Sub Band Applications on Three Different Substrates P Nagaraju, D H Sachina, Imran Khan*, H V Kumaraswamy, and K R Sudhindra S 716 P NAGARAJU, D H SACHINA, IMRAN KHAN, H V KUMARASWAMY, K R SUDHINDRA    Fig. 1. Physical layout of the proposed antenna III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Simulated results of C-shaped slot MSPA using RT Duroid, TLC and FR4 substrates are illustrated in this section. A. RT Duroid Firstly, the simulation of the proposed design structure of the antenna shown in Fig. 1 is performed using HFSS tool on RT Duroid substrate with 𝜀𝑟 of 2.2 and thickness of 1.6mm. The simulated S11 of the design is illustrated in Fig. 2 and it is observed that the MSPA using RT duroid substrate resonates at 3 frequencies (Tri band) 6.3/8.8 and 10.9GHz with the bandwidth of 185/340 and 250MHz respectively suitable for 5G applications. Its radiation patterns at 00and 900 degrees is shown in Fig. 3.  Fig. 2. S11 of the proposed design using RT Duroid  Radiation pattern for the Tri band frequencies are directional in nature and they are plotted at 00 and 900 are as shown in the Fig. 3.   (a)  (b)  (c) Fig. 3. Radiation pattern at frequencies (a) 6.3, (b) 8.8 and (c) 10.9GHz The 3D gain plots resulting a gains of 2.57/3.18 and 2.55dB for the resonant frequencies of 6.3/8.8 and 10.9GHz are shown in Fig. 4.  At all resonance frequency, this antenna demonstrates good gain.   (a) (b)  (c)  Fig. 4. Gain at: (a) 6.3, (b) 8.8 and (c) 10.9GHz The proposed configuration's simulated VSWR is depicted in Fig. 5. For all the three band operation, the antenna has a VSWR between 1 & 2.  Fig. 5. VSWR at: (a) 6.3, (b) 8.8 and (c) 10.9GHz Fig. 6. describes the current distributions at the antenna's surface at various operating frequencies.    (a) (b)  (c) Fig. 6. Current Distribution at: (a) 6.3, (b) 8.8 and (c) 10.9GHz ANALYSIS OF C-SHAPE SLOTTED MSPA FOR 5G SUB BAND APPLICATIONS ON THREE DIFFERENT SUBSTRATES 717   B. Taconic Substrate Secondly, the results obtained for the proposed C shaped slot MSPA using Taconic substrate are discussed in this section. Using TLC substrate the proposed antenna in Fig. 1 results in 4 bands of 5.3/7.3/9.0 and 10.1GHz. The reflection coefficient obtained at 4(Quad band) bands is shown in Fig.7.  Fig. 7. S11 of the proposed design using TLC substrate      Radiation pattern for the quad band frequencies are directional in nature and they are plotted at 00 and 900 are as shown in the Fig. 8.    (a) (b)    (c) (d)  Fig. 8.  Radiation pattern at: (a) 5.3, (b) 7.3, (c) 9.0 and (d) 10.1GHz The 3D gain plots resulting a gains of 2.39/3.11/2.66 and 2.56dB for the resonant frequencies of 5.3/7.3/9.0 and 10.1GHz are shown in Fig. 9.  At all resonance frequency, this antenna demonstrates good gain.   (a) (b)   (c)  (d) Fig. 9. Simulated gain at frequencies: (a) 5.3, (b) 7.3, (c) 9, (d) 10.1GHz  The proposed configuration's simulated VSWR is depicted in Fig. 10. For all the four band operation, the antenna has a VSWR between 1 & 2.  Fig.10. VSWR Fig. 11. describes the current distributions at the antenna's surface at various operating frequencies.   (a) (b)   (c) (d) Fig. 11. Current distribution at: (a) 5.3, (b) 7.3, (c) 9.0, (d) 10.1GHz C. FR4 Substrate Finally, the simulation of the design structure of antenna in Fig. 1 is performed by using HFSS on easily available and cost effective FR4 substrate with value of 𝜀𝑟 of 4.4 and height of 1.6mm. The simulated S11 of the proposed antenna structure is illustrated in Fig. 12. From the simulation results it is observed that the antenna provides six bands (Hexa) of operation with resonances at 4.7/6.5/7.9/9.0/10.6 and 11.7GHz.  718 P NAGARAJU, D H SACHINA, IMRAN KHAN, H V KUMARASWAMY, K R SUDHINDRA    Fig. 12. S11 of the proposed design using FR4 substrate The -10dB impedance bandwidth for the frequencies of 4.7/6.5/7.9/9.0/10.6 and 11.7GHz are 236/255/380/410/148 and 245MHz respectively. The bandwidth achieved is adequate to meet the necessity of 5G applications. The radiation patterns for the respective resonated frequencies are obtained as shown in Fig. 13.    (a) (b)   (c) (d)   (e) (f) Fig. 13.  Radiation pattern at: (a) 4.7, (b) 6.5GHz, (c) 7.9, (d) 9.0, (e) 10.6 and (f) 11.7GHz The 3 dimensional gain plots of the design proposed are shown in Fig. 14.  From the gain plots it is observed that the antenna has an excellent gain at all the resonant bands even though it has a compact size. At frequencies 4.7/6.5/7.9/9.0/10.6 and 11.7GHz a gain of about 1.54/4.46/3.00/2.54/2.83 and 2.18dB is obtained respectively.   (a) (b)    (c) (d)    (e) (f)  Fig. 14. Gain at: (a) 4.7, (b) 6.5, (c) 7.9, (d) 9.0, (e) 10.6 and (f) 11.7GHz The proposed configuration's simulated VSWR is depicted in Fig. 15. For all the six band operation, the antenna has a VSWR between 1 & 2   Fig. 15. VSWR at: (a) 4.7, (b) 6.5, (c) 7.9, (d) 9.0, (e) 10.6 and (f) 11.7GHz The below figure shows the current distribution in the proposed MSPA for all the resonated frequencies. ANALYSIS OF C-SHAPE SLOTTED MSPA FOR 5G SUB BAND APPLICATIONS ON THREE DIFFERENT SUBSTRATES 719     (a) (b)   (c) (d)   (e) (f) Fig. 16. Current Distribution at: (a) 4.7, (b) 6.5, (c) 7.9, (d) 9.0, (e) 10.6 and (f) 11.7GHz IV. CONCLUSION A simulation-based analysis of MSPA employing three distinct substrate materials: RT Duroid/TLC and FR4 with antenna size of 32 × 32 × 1.6𝑚𝑚3 is presented. The simulated findings demonstrate that the FR4 substrate performs better than the RT Duroid and TLC substrates with six bands (4.7/6.5/7.9/9.0/10.6 and 11.7GHz), steady radiation patterns and gain of 1.54/4.46/3.00/2.54/2.83 and 2.18dB. Its benefit is that it is inexpensive and readily available in the market. With gain of 2.57/3.18 and 2.55dB and enough bandwidth, the RT Duroid provides three bands at 6.3/8.8 and 10.9GHz. TLC generates four bands at 5.3/7.3/9.0 and 10.1 GHz, with gain of 2.39/3.11/2.66 and 2.56dB respectively. As a result, all three substrates have been simulated, and it has been observed that FR4 delivers better radiation and six band operation than the other two. As an outcome, the proposed patch antenna under consideration with a substrate containing a dielectric material FR4 with εr = 4.4 produces good results with antenna gains of 1.54/4.46/3.00/2.54/2.83 and 2.18dB and resonant frequencies of 4.7/6.5/7.9/9.0/10.6 & 11.7GHz, which may be used for 5G communication. Table II summarizes the significance of the proposed design and its comparative analysis.  TABLE II SUMMARY OF THE PROPOSED DESIGN Substrate Freq. (GHz) S11 (dB) BW (MHz) Gain (dB) RT Duroid 6.3 -15.93 185 2.57 8.8 -14.55 340 3.18 10.9 -20.00 250 2.55 TLC 5.3 -11.17 110 2.39 7.3 -14.63 280 3.11 9.0 -15.61 380 2.66 10.1 -22.65 400 2.56 FR4 4.7 -19.54 236 1.54 6.5 -15.95 255 4.46 7.9 -20.88 380 3.00 9.0 -23.23 410 2.54 10.6 -11.55 148 2.83 11.7 -31.63 245 2.18 V. REFERENCES [1] Ahmad, Wan Siti Halimatul Munirah Wan, et al. "5G technology: Towards dynamic spectrum sharing using cognitive radio networks." IEEE Access 8 (2020): 14460-14488. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2966271  [2] Ko, Minbeom, Hojoo Lee, and Jaehoon Choi. "Planar LTE/sub‐6 GHz 5G MIMO antenna integrated with mmWave 5G beamforming phased array antennas for V2X applications." IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation 14.11 (2020): 1283-1295. https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-map.2019.0849  [3] Khan, Imran, et al. "A compact multiband band slot antenna for wireless applications." Internet Technology Letters 2.6 (2019): e94. [4] Khan, Imran, et al. "A Multiband Slot Antenna loaded with Stubs for WLAN/WiMAX/Satellite TV Applications." Advanced Electromagne tics 7.5 (2018): 74-81. https://doi.org/10.7716/aem.v7i5.791  [5] Mahfuz, MM Hasan, et al. "Design of wearable textile patch antenna using C-shape etching slot for Wi-MAX and 5G lower band applications." 2021 8th International Conference on Computer and Communication Engineering (ICCCE). IEEE, 2021.  https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCCE50029.2021.9467146  [6] Seyyedrezaei, Seyyedeh F., et al. "A Novel Small Size CPW-Fed Slot Antenna with Circular Polarization for 5G Application." Progress In Electromagnetics Research C 106.1 (2020).  https://doi.org/10.2528/PIERC20080705  [7] Khan, Imran, et al. "A Hepta-band Antenna Loaded with E-shaped Slot for S/C/X-band Applications." International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications 65 (2019).  https://doi.org/10.24425/ijet.2019.126297  [8] Khan, Imran, et al. "A Sierpinski Carpet Five Band Antenna for Wireless Applications." International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications 65.4 (2019): 551-556.  https://doi.org/10.24425/ijet.2019.129812  [9] Nabil, Mohammad, and Muhammad Mostafa Amir Faisal. "Design, Simulation and Analysis of a High Gain Small Size Array Antenna for 5G Wireless Communication." 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Analysis of C-shape slotted MSPA for 5G sub band applications on three different substrates

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Analysis of C-shape slotted MSPA for 5G sub band applications on three different substrates

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