Tropical rainforests are distinguished by the enormous biodiversity they support, within which, insects are the most diverse animal group. Spectacular insect groups such as the lepidopterans are among the best-known insects and serve as a good bioindicator group. An expedition to explore and document the diversity of butterflies in Bungo Range is essential as it is an important water catchment area that covers primary forest and secondary forest resulted from logging and agricultural activities years ago

Ahmad Irfan, Abdul Razak

Christharina, S Gintoron

Fatimah, Abang

Mohamad Jalani, Mortada

Muhamad Ikhwan, Idris

Nur Azizuhamizah, Idris

Ratnawati, Hazali

Raziman, Imam Ghazali

Wan Nurainie, Wan Ismail

Unimas Institutional Repository

BungoRangeBiodiversity    CommunityandUNIVERSITI MALAYSIA SARAWAK E d i t o r sGabriel  Tonga NowegFaisal Al i  Anwarali  Khan Jongkar GrinangS u p p o r t i n g  E d i t o r sCindy PeterRuni  Sylvester Pungga Andrew Alek TuenBungoRangeBiodiversity    Communityand© UNIMAS Publisher, 2023All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher.Photographs copyright 2023 with respective photographers.Published in Malaysia byUNIMAS Publisher,Universiti Malaysia Sarawak,94300 Kota Samarahan,Sarawak, Malaysia.Printed in Malaysia byPerpustakaan Negara Malaysia   Cataloguing-in-Publication DataBungoRangeBiodiversity    CommunityandCONTENTSForeword ixPreface xiIntroduction 1Theme: Geological Study and Zoological Exploration 5Geology of Bungo Range, BauHistorical Account of Zoological ExplorationsTheme: Water Quality and Aquatic Biota 23Water Quality of Pedid River and The TributariesFish Fauna of Pedid’s TributariesMacroinvertebrates of Pedid River and The TriburaiesTheme: Flora Environment 45Understorey Flora of Southwestern Bungo RangeHapaline (Araceae: Angiosperm) of BorneoOrchids of Bungo RangeThe Importance of Forest Regeneration in Protecting Economically Important Tree SpeciesTheme: Terrestrial Fauna Environment 91Odonata of Bungo RangeButterflies of Southwestern Bungo RangeBird Mites of Southwestern Bungo RangeThe Anurans of Southwestern Bungo RangeviiThe Reptiles of Bungo RangeBirds of Southwestern Bungo RangeMammals of Southwestern Bungo RangeMid-Sized to Large-Bodied Terrestrial MammalsTheme: Community, Culture and Health Environment 167A Brief Note on TringgusIn The Search of A Story: The Tringgus Oral NarrativeTraditional Knowledge of Tringgus CommunityTagang Systemon Pedid RiverWaterborne Parasites in Tringgus VillagesBurkholderia from Selected Villages in Bungo RangeBungo Villagers’ Rendition of Nose and Throat CancerList of Contributors 241Editors Info 255Index 259viiiFOREWORDI am glad to note that this publication is another excellent milestone from Universiti Malaysia Sarawak through the Institute of Biodiversity and Environmental Conservation, in particular exploring and documenting the rich biodiversity and community in Sarawak. The biodiversity and environmental conservation is one of three niche areas of the university, which recognise the need to balance the biodiversity, habitats and human development. As such, the Research Innovation and Enterprise Centre, the university’s centre responsible for research and innovation, has actively facilitated and supported research activities, and publications in various platforms available to scientific communities and the public.I would like to thank staff of the Institute of Biodiversity and Environmental Conservation for continuously conducting good research and documenting crucial information that benefits many users including scientists across the region. It is well in line with the Institute’s vision to become a leading center for research in tropical biodiversity and environmental conservation in Borneo and Southeast Asian region. I would like to congratulate the editors for their efforts in compiling and editing the data resulted from a multidisciplinary expedition in Bungo Range in December 2017 into a well indexed research book. I do believe that each article in this book serves its purpose as an important reference to academics, policy makers as well as public audiences. In particular, the findings would be a useful reference for the management plan of Bungo Range National Park that was gazetted on 26 February 2009.To materialise the multidisciplinary expedition and the publication, the Institute had collaborated with various state agencies and local communities. Therefore, I am acknowledging their support and contribution (both financial and in-kind) to this project. They are Forest Department Sarawak, Sarawak Forestry Corporation, ixForewordSarawak Biodiversity Centre, Sekolah Kebangsaan Tringgus, Pejabat Pendidikan Daerah Bau, Bau District Office, Bau District Council, Klinik Kesihatan Krokong, Bau District Police, Bau Fire and Rescue Station, Bau Hospital, and villagers from Tringgus settlement namely, Kg Bong, Kg Rotan and Kg Nguan. I hope similar collaborative efforts will be pursued in the near future to other protected areas in Sarawak.To the authors, UNIMAS Publisher, and those who are involved in this publication, keep up with the good team spirit.Finally, thank you for inviting me to pen my message in this great reading material.Prof. Dr. Wan Hashim bin Wan IbrahimDeputy Vice Chancellor (Research and Innovation)Universiti Malaysia SarawakBungo Range Biodiversity and CommunityxPREFACEThis publication marks another significant output of the collaborative works between Universiti Malaysia Sarawak and Forest Department Sarawak on biodiversity study and conservation in the State. In this book, the findings of multidisciplinary expedition to Bungo Range in December 2017 were compiled into 24 chapters covering biodiversity, environment and community under the theme “Bungo Range - Biodiversity and Community”. The theme signifies the importance of the pristine mountainous forest of the Bungo Range that supports rich species of flora and fauna, and the uniqueness of community and their customs as well as cultures. The involvement of academics, researchers and the villages in the expedition has enhanced the exchange of knowledge, skill, and experience among the stakeholders, which are reflected in this book. In particular, the participation of the villagers in the expedition had indirectly conveyed the message of the Forest Department Sarawak on the importance of conserving the forest of Bungo Range and preserving local cultures. Ironically, the Bungo Range is becoming a popular tourism destination due to the outstanding sceneries such as mountains, waterfalls, reservoir, and the cultures (e. g., the last ring ladies). Indeed, this book will serve as a useful reading material for researchers, scientists and non-government organization in their research endeavour.We would like to congratulate the editors, authors and those who contributed to the production of this book. We wish similar outputs shall be achieved from future collaborative work between Universiti Malaysia Sarawak and Forest Department Sarawak. Specifically, we would like to thank the community leaders and heads of department in Bau District for their support throughout the project. Yang Berhormat Miro Simuh for his strong supports of the expedition and launching of the event on 5th December 2017.Preface xiWe hope this book serves the needs of the audiences either as academic reference or reading material in leisure time. Happy Reading!Prof. Dr. Mohd Azlan Jayasilan Director Institute of Biodiversity and Environmental ConservationUniversiti Malaysia SarawakDatu Hamden Haji Mohammad DirectorForest Department SarawakBungo Range Biodiversity and CommunityxiiBUTTERFLIES OF SOUTHWESTERN BUNGO RANGEMuhamad Ikhwan Idris, Fatimah Abang, Christharina S Gintoron, Nur Azizuhamizah Idris, Ahmad Irfan Abdul Razak, Ratnawati Hazali, Wan Nurainie Wan Ismail, Raziman Imam Ghazali and Mohamad Jalani MortadaTropical rainforests are distinguished by the enormous biodiversity they support, within which, insects are the most diverse animal group.  Spectacular insect groups such as the lepidopterans are among the best-known  insects and serve as a good bioindicator group.  An expedition to explore and document the diversity of butterflies in Bungo Range is essential as it is an important water catchment area that covers primary forest and secondary forest resulted from  logging and agricultural activities years ago.Butterfly collection was conducted from 5th to 10th December 2017.  Passive and active techniques of sampling were used, which include baited-traps and aerial nets.  Our recent surveys have provided some information on the present occurrence of the butterfly species in Bungo Range.  Twenty eight species comprised of five families were identified.  The specimens were identified to species level based on Otsuka (1988), Seki et al. (1991), Otsuka (2001), and Abang (2006).Observing the diversity in such a short period of time is not that conclusive.  Undoubtedly, more sampling needs to be conducted to fill the gaps in the list of butterflies of Bungo Range.  Thus, the biodiversity seen in this chapter is based on the trapping effort and this list does provide a snapshot of the butterfly species found here.  The presence of species listed under Convention on Bungo Range Biodiversity and Community90International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) represented by papilionids Trogonoptera sp. and Troides sp. (Appendix II) in the area further illustrates the considerable importance of Bungo Range forests  for conservation.Checklist of Butterflies of Bungo RangeFamily Species Common namePapilionidae Papilio fuscus dayacus Canopus SwallowtailPapilio nephelus albolineatus Black and White HelenPapilio iswara araspes Great HelenPapilio demoleus Lime butterflyPapilio memnon memnon Great MormonGraphium agamemnon agamemnon Tailed-JayGraphium sarpedon sarpedon Common BluebottleTrogonoptera brookiana brookiana*Rajah Brooke’s BirdwingTroides helena mosyclus* Common BirdwingPieridae Eurema hecabe hecabe Common Grass YellowLeptosia nina malayana PsycheNymphalidae Cethosia hypsea hypsea Malay LacewingNeptis duryodana duryodana Common SailerTanaecia munda mundaFaunis stomphax stomphaxEuploea mulciber portia Striped Blue CrowYpthima fasciata fasciata The Malayan Six-RingYpthima pandocus sertorius Common Three-ringRagadia makuta umbrata Striped RingletCoelites euptychioides euptychioides Purple-streaked CatseyeMycalesis mnasicles mnasiclesDiscophora necho cheops The Blue DufferNeorina lowii lowii Malayan OwlTheme: Terrestrial Fauna Environment 91Lycaenidae Anthene emolus goberus Ciliate BlueJamides celeno lawasa Common CeruleanEuchrysops cnejus Gram BlueLaxita teneta Gossamer-winged butterfliesHesperiidae Ancistroides gemmifer dombya The Gem Demon*CITES Appendix II lists species that are not necessarily now threatened with extinction but that may become so unless trade is closely controlled.Plate 12.1. Menelaides memnon memnon. Photograph by Badiozaman Sulaiman.Bungo Range Biodiversity and Community92Plate 12.2. Trogonoptera brookiana brookianaPlate 12.3. Cethosia hypsea hypseaTheme: Terrestrial Fauna Environment 93Plate 12.4. Neorina lowii lowii.ReferencesAbang, F. (2006). Butterflies of Malaysian Borneo. Kota Samarahan: Universiti Malaysia Sarawak.Otsuka, K. (1988). Butterflies of Borneo. Tokyo: Tobishima Corporation.Otsuka, K. (2001). A field guide to the butterflies of Borneo and Southeast Asia. Hornbill Books.Seki, Y., Takanami, Y. & Otsuka, K. (1991). Butterflies of Borneo Vol. 2. Tobishima Corporation.Bungo Range Biodiversity and Community94ISBNThis book highlights the significant findings from the Multidisciplinary Expedition in Bungo Range conducted on 5-10 December 2017. The expedition was organized by the Institute of Biodiversity and Environmental Conservation, UNIMAS with support from the Forest Department Sarawak. This volume is illustrated in 24 chapters covering the historical exploration of Bungo Range, a geological feature of the mountain, water resources, aquatic biodiversity, floristics, mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, insects, and health and socio-economics of the Tringgus community. It is reported herewith in the book that there are a total of 313 species of plants mainly orchids and zingers, and 298 species of wildlife, among them 105 birds, 39 mammals, 92 insects, 27 reptiles, 17 amphibians, and 59 aquatic lives. Additionally, the use of natural resources by the local community in Tringgus is also presented. This book can serves as a useful reference for the development and management of Bungo Range National Park, and the communities living surrounding the area.

Butterflies of Southwestern Bungo Range

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Butterflies of Southwestern Bungo Range

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