International audienceThe European Union’s goals, stated at the Lisbon Summit in 2000 and reiterated in the context of the employment guidelines in 2003 and again in 2005 (CEC 2005), are to promote labour market flexibility while offering workers more security. Accordingly, the European Commission has called for the achievement of “the right balance between flexibility and security” so as to “support the competitiveness of firms, increase quality and productivity in work and facilitate the adaptation of firms and workers to economic change”