Pareiorhina Gosline 1947

Abstract

Genus <i>Pareiorhina</i> Gosline, 1947 <p> <i>Pareiorhina</i> Gosline, 1947: 104. Type species: <i>Rhinelepis rudolphi</i> Miranda Ribeiro, 1911. Type by original designation.</p> <p> <b>Included species.</b> <i>Pareiorhina brachyrhyncha</i> Chamon, Aranda & Buckup, 2005; <i>P. carrancas</i> Bockmann & Ribeiro, 2003; <i>P. cepta</i> Roxo, Silva, Mehanna & Oliveira, 2012; <i>Pareiorhina hyptiorhachis</i> Silva, Roxo & Oliveira, 2013; <i>P. pelicicei</i> Santos & Roxo, 2015; <i>P. rudolphi</i> (Miranda Ribeiro, 1911); <i>Pareiorhina</i> B; <i>Pareiorhina</i> Ce; and <i>Pareiorhina</i> D.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> <i>Pareiorhina</i> is diagnosed by the following non-exclusive synapomorphies: hyoid arch contacting ventral margin of hyomandibula anteriorly, close to hyosymplectic cartilage (Char. 20.1), process on dorsal surface of first epibranchial absent (Char. 42.2), dorsal process of hyomandibula anterior to dorsal articular condyle distinctly pointed (Char. 69.2), posterior margin of hyomandibula with small area of contact with compound pterotic (Char. 73.1), exposed area of preopercle narrow, limited to breadth of laterosensory canal (Char. 94.1), nuchal plate present but not articulated to transverse processes of second pterygiophore (Char. 138.1), adipose fin absent (char. 147.1), preadipose plates absent (Char. 149.2), cleithrum and coracoid narrow at midventral symphysis, forming very small suture at midline (Char. 157.1), posterior process of basipterygium equally broad and short, with distal margin pointed (Char. 193.3), short skin fold on dorsal surface of unbranched pelvic-fin ray of adult males (Char. 199.1), skin fold on unbranched pelvic-fin ray homogeneously developed and without proximal expansion (Char. 200.0), hypurapophysis forming distinctly narrow process directed anteriorly (Char. 219.2), and ventral surface of caudal peduncle distinctly flat (Char. 228.1).</p> <p> <b>Comparisons.</b> <i>Pareiorhina</i> is readily distinguished from most neoplecostomines by lacking an adipose fin (but adipose fin is also absent in <i>Neoplecostomus paranensis</i>, <i>Hirtella</i>, and a few species of <i>Pareiorhaphis</i>). <i>Pareiorhina</i> is also distinguished from <i>Neoplecostomus</i> and <i>Isbrueckerichthys</i> in possessing a naked abdomen (though <i>P. cepta</i> have a few small platelets scattered on the abdomen), and from <i>Pareiorhaphis</i> and <i>Hirtella</i> by lacking hypertrophied odontodes on the lateral margin of the head or in other areas of the body.</p> <p> <b>Geographic distribution.</b> The six described species of <i>Pareiorhina</i> are known to occur in the Paraíba do Sul River Basin, in the upper Grande River of the Paraná River drainage, not far from the Paraíba do Sul Basin, and on the upper São Francisco River. The undescribed species of <i>Pareiorhina</i> included in the present study are from the Paraíba do Sul, upper São Francisco, and Doce rivers.</p>Published as part of <i>Pereira, Edson H. L. & Reis, Roberto E., 2017, Morphology-based phylogeny of the suckermouth armored catfishes, with emphasis on the Neoplecostominae (Teleostei: Siluriformes: Loricariidae), pp. 1-104 in Zootaxa 4264 (1)</i> on page 76, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/574211">10.5281/zenodo.574211</a&gt