Boy, Guy

Lesgold, Alan

Patel, Vimla L.

Vicente, Kim J.

English

eScholarship - University of California

UC MercedProceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science SocietyTitleSymposium: Dynamic Decisions, Conflict Resolution, and Real-Time Diagnosis in Complex DomainsPermalinkhttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2032d08mJournalProceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society, 21(0)AuthorsPatel, Vimla L.Boy, GuyVicente, Kim J.et al.Publication Date1999 Peer reviewedeScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital LibraryUniversity of CaliforniaS y m p o s i u m :  D y n a m i c Dec is ions ,  Confl ic t  Reso lu t i on ,  a n d R e a l - T i m e D iagnos i s i n C o m p l e x D o m a i n s Chai r  an d Organizer :  Viml a L .  Pate l Presenters: Vimla L. Patel (patei@hebb.psych.mcgiii.ca) Cognitiv e Studie s i n Medicine ,  Centr e fo r  Medica l  Education ,  McGil l  University ,  Montrea l  Canad a Guy Boy (boy@onecert.fr) Europea n Institut e o f  Cognitiv e Science s an d Engineerin g ( E U R I S C O ) Toulouse ,  Franc e Kim J. Vicente (benfica@mie.utoronto.ca) Cognitiv e Engineerin g Laborator y Departmen t  o f  Mechanica l  &  Industria l  Engineering ,  Universit y o f  Toronto ,  Canad a AlanLesgold (ai+@pitt.edu) Learning ,  Researc h an d Developmen t  Center ,  Universit y o f  Pittsburg h Studie s o f  cognitio n beyon d laborator y wall s hav e flour -ishe d i n recen t  years .  Thes e development s hav e bee n en -able d b y bot h methodologica l  an d theoretica l  advance s tha t hav e facilitate d investigation s o f  "cognitio n i n th e wild" . Thes e endeavor s promis e t o profoundl y impac t  th e disci -plin e o f  cognitiv e science .  Thi s symposiu m present s re -searc h pertainin g t o th e developmen t  o f  decision-makin g expertis e i n comple x an d divers e environments . An emergin g are a o f  researc h concern s investigation s o f cognitio n i n dynami c "real-world "  wor k environments .  Dy -nami c environment s ar e characterize d b y hig h level s o f  ur -gency ,  uncertainty ,  an d shifting ,  ill-defined ,  an d competin g goals .  Decision s ar e ofte n par t  o f  a n ongoin g process ,  em -bedde d i n th e flow  o f  work ,  an d jointl y determine d b y team s o f  individual s wit h complementar y sphere s o f  exper -tise .  Emergenc y an d intensiv e car e medicin e ar e tw o exem -pla r  discipline s characterize d b y hig h velocit y decisio n making .  Viml a Pate l  an d Davi d Kaufma n presen t  wor k re -late d t o understandin g dynami c decisio n makin g i n hig h velocit y medica l  environments ,  namel y intensiv e car e an d medica l  emergenc y units .  Thi s presentatio n focuse s o n a serie s o f  studie s conducte d b y Pate l  an d colleague s i n thes e dynami c medica l  environments .  Th e presentatio n examine s th e differentia !  an d selectiv e us e o f  evidenc e an d conflic t resolutio n i n negotiatin g decision s i n situation s o f  varyin g urgency .  Gu y Bo y discusse s source s an d model s o f  conflic t resolutio n betwee n agents ,  includin g human s an d machines , i n airplan e cockpit s Thi s presentatio n focuse s o n majo r cause s o f  conflic t  i n a n aircraf t  cockpit ,  suc h a s lac k o f knowledge ,  lac k o f  training ,  forgetting ,  rol e confusion , workload ,  huma n errors ,  inabilit y  t o delegate ,  imprecis e o r incomplet e perception ,  qui d pr o quo ,  lac k o f  powe r  sharing . or  misunderstanding .  A n exampl e o f  acciden t  analysi s i s presente d t o highligh t  h o w a  conflic t  betwee n a  huma n an d a machin e i s generate d an d evolve s towar d a n unrecoverabl e situation .  Bo y provide s som e recommendation s i n th e for m of  usabilit y  criteri a fo r  human-centere d desig n o f  artificia l agents .  K i m Vicent e an d colleague s similarl y addres s con -flict  resolutio n b y nuclea r  powe r  plan t  (NPP )  operators . The y presen t  finding s int o h o w operator s dea l  wit h thes e conflic t  situations ,  drawin g o n a  numbe r  o f  field  studies . Conflict s aris e i n som e case s arise s becaus e thei r  expecta -tion s ar e inconsisten t  wit h on e o r  mor e indication s provide d by th e contro l  roo m display s an d othe r  time s becaus e th e contro l  roo m indication s themselve s contradic t  eac h other . Our  final  speaker ,  Ala n Lesgold ,  present s studie s relate d t o th e developmen t  o f  expertis e i n th e diagnosi s an d repai r  o f comple x equipmen t  i n microchi p manufacturing .  M a n y ar -eas o f  technica l  expertis e involv e comple x mixture s o f  par -tia l  conceptua l  knowledg e an d rule s o f  thum b tha t  ar e ofte n not  wel l  anchore d i n basi c scientifi c  principles .  Existin g theorie s hav e no t  adequatel y addresse d this.Thi s researc h draw s o n recen t  wor k o n buildin g coache d apprenticeshi p environments .  Thei r  experienc e ha s bee n tha t  carefull y designe d intermediat e representation s tha t  ar e grounde d i n scienc e bu t  no t  necessaril y  full y  explaine d o r  understood , ca n b e ver y usefu l  i n promotin g technica l  expertise ,  eve n when th e technician s d o no t  hav e m u c h scienc e background . Ther e i s a  ga p betwee n decisio n makin g researc h an d educatio n i n th e professions .  I n addition ,  technica l  skil l  do -main s hav e no t  adequatel y addresse d th e rol e tha t  concep -tua l  knowledg e play s i n supportin g acquisitio n o f  expertise . The presentation s i n thi s symposiu m addres s som e o f  thes e c o m m on concern s i n divers e everyda y wor k environments , usin g differen t  methodologica l  an d theoretica l  approaches . 

Symposium: Dynamic Decisions, Conflict Resolution, and Real-Time Diagnosis in Complex Domains

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Symposium: Dynamic Decisions, Conflict Resolution, and Real-Time Diagnosis in Complex Domains

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