Curia G

Lopez-Valdes A

Manjarrez E

Stecina K

English

Archivio istituzionale della ricerca - Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia

TYPE EditorialPUBLISHED 05 October 2023DOI 10.3389/fnint.2023.1296701OPEN ACCESSEDITED AND REVIEWED BYElizabeth B. Torres,Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey,United States*CORRESPONDENCEElias Manjarrezelias.manjarrez@correo.buap.mxRECEIVED 19 September 2023ACCEPTED 19 September 2023PUBLISHED 05 October 2023CITATIONManjarrez E, Curia G, Stecina K and LopezValdes A (2023) Editorial: Bridging the gapbetween integrative neuroscience andtranslational neuroscience.Front. Integr. Neurosci. 17:1296701.doi: 10.3389/fnint.2023.1296701COPYRIGHT© 2023 Manjarrez, Curia, Stecina and LopezValdes. This is an open-access articledistributed under the terms of the CreativeCommons Attribution License (CC BY). The use,distribution or reproduction in other forums ispermitted, provided the original author(s) andthe copyright owner(s) are credited and thatthe original publication in this journal is cited, inaccordance with accepted academic practice.No use, distribution or reproduction ispermitted which does not comply with theseterms.Editorial: Bridging the gapbetween integrative neuroscienceand translational neuroscienceElias Manjarrez1*, Giulia Curia2, Katinka Stecina3 andAlejandro Lopez Valdes4,5,6,71Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México, 2Department ofBiomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy,3Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University ofManitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada, 4Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Trinity CollegeDublin, Dublin, Ireland, 5Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland, 6TrinityCollege Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland, 7Trinity Centre for BiomedicalEngineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, IrelandKEYWORDSneurostimulation devices, transcranial magnet stimulation, electrical stimulation,neuroprostheses, visual imaginary, Allen Institute for Brain ScienceEditorial on the Research TopicBridging the gap between integrative neuroscience andtranslational neuroscienceIntegrative neuroscience involves investigations into the sensory, motor, and cognitivesystems. In contrast, translational neuroscience moves fundamental knowledge andinterdisciplinary discoveries into clinical practice or applications to benefit human health.Bridging the gap between both fields could profoundly impact our comprehension ofbrain function and clinical applications (Figure 1). Specifically, the five articles presentedhere address some of the current interests and gaps in knowledge. This Research Topiccovers three papers about tactile, vestibular, and motor systems in the context of electricalor magnetic stimulation. Moreover, the topic covers two other articles on the cognitiveprocesses of people with blindness and neuronal informatics to understand the neurologicalimpact of COVID-19.The first two papers in this Research Topic have reported new methods to push thelimits of precision in brain and spinal cord neurostimulation. They are relevant becausenon-invasive neurostimulation of the brain, peripheral nerves, and the spinal cord hasunprecedented clinical interest. In this context, Fujiki et al., introduced the “quadripulsetheta burst transcranial magnetic stimulation” (QTS), a new way to overcome failure ratesin producing motor evoked potentials by transcranial magnetic stimulation. These authorsemployed a similar stimulation pattern as in previous studies (Szelényi et al., 2007; Deletisand Sala, 2008; Hamada et al., 2013; Tsutsui et al., 2015; Deletis and Fernández-Conejero,2016; Jung et al., 2016). This QTS method amplified motor evoked potentials (MEPs)a thousand-fold, resulting in four independent MEPs 20ms after each burst onset. Thesignificance of this study is the potential use of QTS for motor palsy functional evaluationafter intracerebral hemorrhage. In the same context of new neurotechnology developments,targeting the desired cluster of neurons by electrical stimulation is also challenging in thespinal cord when using non-invasive electrical stimulation. Here, Chandrasekaran et al.introduced a novel, highly flexible spinal electrode array for cervical dorsal root stimulationemployed in people with motor complete spinal cord injury. This targeted stimulationFrontiers in IntegrativeNeuroscience 01 frontiersin.orgManjarrez et al. 10.3389/fnint.2023.1296701FIGURE 1The images highlight the importance of connecting integrative and translational neuroscience to enhance our understanding of brain function andits clinical applications. This Research Topic of five articles focuses on bridging the gap between these two areas of study. The first two artisticrepresentations were produced with consent from www.deepdreamgenerator.com using a paid “energy pack” for image creation. The medicalsymbol image was obtained from https://www.freepik.com/free-vector/flat-medical-symbol_28903697.htm#query=medical%20.increased volitionally generated force and tactile sensationswithin a 6–8-week period, but only in particular musclesshowing discernable force production during the pre-interventionassessment. These results are comparable to those found by otherauthors (Freyvert et al., 2018; Inanici et al., 2021; Huang et al.,2022).The third paper by Soto et al. is a review covering thedevelopment of new active vestibular implantable devices toregain or modulate specific systemic functions. Like cochlearimplants, pacemakers, or deep brain stimulators, the vestibularneuroprostheses are a strong example of how bridges betweenintegrative and translational neuroscience are needed to achievebeneficial breakthroughs that will impact the lives of individuals.Vestibular dysfunction affects over 1.8 million people worldwide(Chow et al., 2021), influencing more than posture and balance.For instance, vestibular information propagates to various neuralsystems via the reticular formation, regulating alertness andautonomic function (Lane et al., 2019). In this Research Topic,the authors present a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art in the development and testing of various prototypes ofvestibular implants. Their review covers the 30-year journey fromthe first studies on external vestibular system stimulation to therecent successful human implantation studies. This review paperalso highlights the challenges of producing vestibular responses,considering the complex interaction with hearing and the otolithicorgans (Ramos de Miguel et al., 2020).The fourth article by Ilic et al. deals with visual imageryin dreams of congenitally blind people. This theme iscontroversial (Andrade, 2021). It has been shown that thelack of sensory stimulus in one system could be rescued byincreased sensory-motor stimulation of other sensory systems. Inaddition, stimulation of other sensory modalities accelerates thedevelopment of the visual cortex, even without visual deprivation.This evidence suggests that the visual system may contribute tooneiric visual imagery-like perceptions, even in blind subjects.The review by Ilic et al. in this Research Topic analyses studieson the presence and nature of visuospatial imagery in dreams ofblind people to elucidate how blind people “see”, whether theymay recreate visuospatial imagery via sensory substitution, andwhether they can dream in images. At the neurophysiologicallevel, neuroimaging and sensory substitution studies suggest thatthe “blind” occipital cortex may be able to integrate non-visualsensory inputs, generating visuospatial impressions and enablingthe development of a typical spatiotemporal organization of earlyvisual areas even in the life-long absence of vision. This couldexplain the ability of some congenitally blind individuals to drawsymbolic representations of various visual images in strikinglikeness to those drawn by normally sighted. Therefore, elucidatingthe mechanistic nature of visual impressions could open newtranslational possibilities for treating these neuro-disabilities.Finally, Mesmoudi et al. presented another interestingresearch covering the gap between integrative neuroscience andtranslational neuroscience in the context of the recent globalhealth crisis of COVID-19, in which the discovery of ACE2receptor mechanisms played a fundamental role in understandingthis sickness. They employed data on mRNA expression levelsof genes provided by the Allen Institute for Brain Science.Moreover, the localization of brain functions was provided by theLinkRbrain platform. These authors investigated which cognitiveand sensorimotor functions are associated with the brain regionswhere ACE2/TMPRSS2 is overexpressed, hypothesizing that theinfection might particularly affect them. The results show thatcentral regions specific to ACE2 and MPRSS2 were localized in thebrain stem, the subcortical, the orbitofrontal, and some occipitalareas (see also Chen et al., 2021).In conclusion, these five papers, taken together, emphasizethat we must bridge the gap between knowledge and practice,between theory and therapy. Thus, the synergy between integrativeand translational neuroscience involving new neurotechnologicaldevelopments could serve as the bridge that will lead us to afuture where neurological conditions are better comprehendedand more effectively treated. As we persist in exploring thefrontiers of the brain, let us bear in mind that we coulddiscover the key to unlocking the full potential of neuroscienceFrontiers in IntegrativeNeuroscience 02 frontiersin.orgManjarrez et al. 10.3389/fnint.2023.1296701for the benefit of humanity through the fusion of these twoestablished disciplines.Author contributionsEM: Writing—review and editing. GC: Writing—review andediting. KS: Writing—review and editing. AL: Writing—reviewand editing.Conflict of interestThe authors declare that the research was conducted in theabsence of any commercial or financial relationships that could beconstrued as a potential conflict of interest.The author(s) declared that they were an editorialboard member of Frontiers, at the time of submission.This had no impact on the peer review process and thefinal decision.Publisher’s noteAll claims expressed in this article are solely thoseof the authors and do not necessarily represent those oftheir affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher,the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may beevaluated in this article, or claim that may be made byits manufacturer, is not guaranteed or endorsed by thepublisher.ReferencesAndrade, M. J. O. (2021). Do congenitally blind people have visual dreams? SleepSci. 14, 190–192. doi: 10.5935/1984-0063.20200068Chen, R., Wang, K., Yu, J., French, L., Chen, Z., Wen, C., et al. (2021). The spatialand cell-type distribution of SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 in the human and mousebrains. Front. Neurol. 11, 573095. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2020.573095Chow, M. R., Ayiotis, A. I., Schoo, D. P., Gimmon, Y., Lane, K. E., Morris, B. J., et al.(2021). Posture, gait, quality of life, and hearing with a vestibular implant. N. Engl. J.Med. 384, 521–532. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2020457Deletis, V., and Fernández-Conejero, I. (2016). Intraoperative monitoring andmapping of the functional integrity of the brainstem. J. Clin. Neurol. 12, 262–273.doi: 10.3988/jcn.2016.12.3.262Deletis, V., and Sala, F. (2008). Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring of thespinal cord during spinal cord and spine surgery: a review focus on the corticospinaltracts. Clin. Neurophysiol. 119, 248–264. doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2007.09.135Freyvert, Y., Yong, N. A., Morikawa, E., Zdunowski, S., Sarino, M. E., Gerasimenko,Y., et al. (2018). Engaging cervical spinal circuitry with non-invasive spinal stimulationand buspirone to restore hand function in chronic motor complete patients. Sci. Rep.8, 15546. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-33123-5Hamada, M., Murase, N., Hasan, A., Balaratnam,M., and Rothwell, J. C. (2013). Therole of interneuron networks in driving human motor cortical plasticity. Cereb. Cortex.23, 1593–1605. doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhs147Huang, R., Nikooyan, A. A., Moore, L. D., Zdunowski, S., Morikawa, E., Sierro,T., et al. (2022). Minimal handgrip force is needed for transcutaneous electricalstimulation to improve hand functions of patients with severe spinal cord injury. Sci.Rep. 12, 1–13. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-11306-5Inanici, F., Brighton, L. N., Samejima, S., Hofstetter, C. P., and Moritz, C. T.(2021). Transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation restores hand and arm functionafter spinal cord injury. IEEE Trans. Neural Syst. Rehabil. Eng. 29, 310–319.doi: 10.1109/TNSRE.2021.3049133Jung, N. H., Gleich, B., Gattinger, N., Hoess, C., Haug, C., Siebner, H. R., et al.(2016). Quadri-pulse theta burst stimulation using ultra-high frequency bursts - A newprotocol to induce changes in cortico-spinal excitability in human motor cortex. PLoSONE 11, e0168410. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168410Lane, S. J., Mailloux, Z., Schoen, S., Bundy, A., May-Benson, T. A., Parham, L.D., et al. (2019). Neural foundations of ayres sensory integration R© . Brain Sci. 9, 153.doi: 10.3390/brainsci9070153Ramos de Miguel, A., Zarowski, A., Sluydts, M., Ramos Macias, A., and Wuyts,F. (2020). The superiority of the otolith system. Audiol. Neurootol. 25, 35–41.doi: 10.1159/000504595Szelényi, A., Kothbauer, K. F., and Deletis, V. (2007). Transcranial electricstimulation for intraoperative motor evoked potential monitoring: stimulationparameters and electrode montages. Clin. Neurophysiol. 118, 1586–1595.doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2007.04.008Tsutsui, S., Iwasaki, H., Yamada, H., Hashizume, H., Minamide, A., Nakagawa, Y.,et al. (2015). Augmentation of motor evoked potentials using multi-train transcranialelectrical stimulation in intraoperative neurophysiologic monitoring during spinalsurgery. J. Clin. Monit. Comput. 29, 35–39. doi: 10.1007/s10877-014-9565-7Frontiers in IntegrativeNeuroscience 03 frontiersin.org

Editorial: Bridging the Gap between Integrative Neuroscience and Translational Neuroscience

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Editorial: Bridging the Gap between Integrative Neuroscience and Translational Neuroscience

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