Culver, J

Kay, Zoe

Khattak, F

Nollet, L

English

SRUC - Scotland's Rural College

Scotland's Rural CollegeThe effect of a natural carbohydrate fraction on broiler performanceKay, Zoe; Khattak, F; Culver, J; Nollet, LPrint publication: 31/10/2011Document VersionPublisher's PDF, also known as Version of recordLink to publicationCitation for pulished version (APA):Kay, Z., Khattak, F., Culver, J., & Nollet, L. (2011). The effect of a natural carbohydrate fraction on broilerperformance. Poster session presented at 18th European Symposium on Poultry Nutrition, Izmir.General rightsCopyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright ownersand it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights.            • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research.            • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain            • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal ?Take down policyIf you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediatelyand investigate your claim.Download date: 06. Jul. 2024[18th European Symposium on Poultry Nutrition] Poster Presentations (3-4 November) October 31 - November 04, 2011  Çe me - zmir, Turkey490  P078 The effect of a natural carbohydrate fraction on broiler performance Zoe Kaya*; Farina Khattakb; Judd Culverc; Lode Nolletd aSolutions Deployment Team, Alltech Biotechnology Centre, Dunboyne, Co. Meath, Ireland bAvian Science Research Centre, SAC, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, Scotland cAlltech UK, Stamford, Lincolnshire, UK dAlltech Netherlands BV, Gensesteenweg 190, 9800 Deinze, Belgium *Corresponding author. Email:zkay@alltech.com  Abstract Following the ban on antibiotic growth promoters within the European Union poultry producers have been interested in natural alternatives. The objective on the trial was to evaluate the effect of a specific natural carbohydrate fraction (NCF) isolated from yeast cell wall oligosaccharides, on broiler performance. The trial was carried out in a pen trial facility; 8 pens (4 containing males and 4 females) were used per treatment in a randomised block design. Ross 308 chicks were stocked to achieve 33 kg/m2 at 40 days of age. The basal wheat-soya fed in a 4 phase feeding programme: starter (0-10d), grower (11-25d), finisher (26-35d) and withdrawal (36-40d). All rations contained a phytase and NSP enzyme; coccidiostats were included in all apart from withdrawal. Starter was fed as a crumble, whilst all other diets were pelleted. The treatment diet was identical to control apart from the addition of NCF, included at 800, 400 and 200 g/t in the starter, grower and finisher/withdrawal, respectively. Birds fed NCF had significantly (p<0.05) higher body weight at 40 days, compared to control. Feed conversion ratio was also improved numerically by 0.033. There was no statistical effect of treatment on mortality, foot pad lesions, hock burns or litter quality. It was concluded that NCF improved performance when added to broiler diets. Key words: Broiler; natural carbohydrate fraction; performance  Introduction Ability of broilers to grow to meet genetic potential is largely dependent on the preservation of good gut health and improvement in disease resistance or immunity. Mannan-oligosaccharides from yeast cell wall (Bio-Mos®, Alltech Inc.) have been used as a natural in feed addition to improve animal performance and health. It has been shown in many trials (Rosen 2007) that this product improves, weight gain, FCR and liveability in broiler chickens. Further developments in yeast cell wall technology have led to the development novel carbohydrate fraction produced from the cell wall of a specific strain of Sacharomyces cerevisiae. Actigen (Alltech Inc.) is a natural carbohydrate fraction with specific functional properties, available as a feed ingredient for animal nutrition. This study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of Actigen on broiler performance and health.  Materials and Methods 364 male and female Ross 308 broilers were used in a 40 day study. The birds were housed from day old in 24 separate sex pens measuring 3.72 m2; to give eight pens per treatment (four pens of males and four pens of females). The stocking density of each pen was 33 kg/m2, which were deep littered with clean wood shavings. Treatments were allocated to the pens in a randomised block design: 1. Control, 2. Actigen (Alltech Inc, Lexington, KY, USA). The Actigen diets were supplemented with the product in a step-down programme: 800 g/t in the starter (0-12d); 400 g/t in the grower (13-24d); 200 g/t in the finisher (25-35d) and withdrawal (36-40d) diets. The basal diet for all three treatments was identical and was formulated to UK commercial standards; to meet current breed standards. Both diets contained a proprietary enzyme product, as commonly used in commercial production systems; phytase plus an NSP enzyme. The starter feeds were produced as crumbs, whilst [18th European Symposium on Poultry Nutrition] Poster Presentations (3-4 November) October 31 - November 04, 2011  Çe me - zmir, Turkey491  grower, finisher and withdrawal feeds were in the form of pellets (3mm). Commercial coccidiostats at current recommended dose rates were used in all feeds apart from the withdrawal diets; MaxiBan in starter diet, Elancoban in grower and finisher diets. The basal feeds were formulated to contribute: 12.75 MJ/kg metabolisable energy; ME); 23.3% crude protein (CP) and 1.325% digestible lysine in the starter. 13.1 MJ/kg ME, 20.2% CP, 1.1% digestible lysine in the grower and 13.45 MJ/kg ME, 18.3% CP and 0.98% digestible lysine in the finisher/withdrawal diets. Body weights were measured and recorded on days 0, 12, 24 and 40 and live weight gain calculated for each feeding phase. Feed intakes were recorded and feed conversion ratios calculated for each feeding phase as well as the overall trial period. Mortality was recorded daily. The litter in the pens was visually scored at the end of the grower period (24 days of age) and at the end of the trial (40 days of age) using the standard SAC scoring system. FCR was calculated and presented based on body weight, live weight gain and adjusted for mortality. The occurrence of hock lesions and pododermatitis were recorded on days 24 and 40 and graded on a scale of 0 to 3; where 0=no lesions and 3=severe lesions. European production efficiency factor (EFEF) was calculated for each treatment group, as a measure of overall performance. Data were analysed by ANOVA as a 2 × 2 factorial block design.  Results and discussion Table 1 shows the impact of dietary treatment on the performance of broilers in each feeding phases and over the whole trial period. Significant differences (p<0.05) in average body weight were observed at 35 and 40 days of age, when birds fed the Actigen diet had significantly higher weights (+136g) compared to control (p<0.05). In the finisher phase and over the whole trial period the Actigen group had significantly higher average weight gain (p<0.05) than the control group. There was a numerical trend towards the birds fed Actigen having a higher feed intake in the finisher period (p=0.05) and this reached significance in the withdrawal period (p<0.05). Over the whole trial period there was again a tendency (p=0.05) for feed intake to be higher in the Actigen group. FCR was significantly improved in the Actigen birds for both the finisher period and overall (p<0.05) when FCR was 3 points lower than in the control birds. Mortality was low (>6.3%) for both groups, with no significant differences between treatments (data not shown). EPEF for the Actigen diet was significantly (p<0.05) higher than control (+ 19), demonstratin an overall performance benefit for the Actigen group. The increase in performance for the Actigen diet may, in part, be due to the higher feed intakes observed for this group but does not explain these benefits entirely. It is thought that, in a similar way to Bio-Mos, Actigen influences the microflora of the chickens gut, thereby having a positive effect on the birds growth and immunity (Spring et al 2000). It appears that although Actigen was included in all diets the greatest improvements were observed in the finisher/withdrawal phases; suggesting that the effects of a beneficial microflora have a cumulative effect on bird performance over time (Lea et al 2011). No significant differences were observed between the treatments in terms of litter, foot pad and hock burn scores (data not shown).  Conclusion Data from this trial shows that dietary supplementation with Actigen can improve broiler performance and health. This effect is similar to that demonstrated for Bio-Mos and mechanisms of action may include a reduction in the number of pathogenic bacteria in the gut. It is also hypothesised that the effect of Actigen on the gut development of the birds at an early age results in improved nutrient uptake throughout the growing cycle having the greatest effect on FCR in the finisher period.  [18th European Symposium on Poultry Nutrition] Poster Presentations (3-4 November) October 31 - November 04, 2011  Çe me - zmir, Turkey492  References Lea H, Kay Z, Burton E. 2011. Performance and gut health of poultry in the post-antibiotic era when feeding a novel yeast cell wall technology. Proceedings of the WPSA (UK branch) meeting April 2011, Nottingham, UK. Rosen GD. 2007. Holo-analysis of the efficacy of Bio-Mos in broiler nutrition. Br Poult Sci. 48(1):21-26. Spring P, Wenk C, Dawson K, Newman K. 2000. Effect of mannan oligosaccharide on different caecal parameters and on caecal concentration on enteric bacteria in Salmonella-challenged broiler chicks. Poult Sci. 79:205-211.  Table 1. The effect of Actigen on performance of broilers fed a commercial wheat/soya diet  Parameter Period Treatment SEM P value Control Actigen Average body weight (kg) Day 10  0.313 0.318 0.0033 0.35947 Day 25  1.240 1.263 0.0145 0.34060 Day 35  2.080a 2.189b 0.0234 0.04519 Day 40  2.521a 2.657b 0.0170 0.01119 Average weight gain (AWG) (kg/bird/period) D 1-10  0.275 0.280 0.0032 0.33404 D  10-25  0.926 0.944 0.0125 0.38769 D 25-35  0.840a 0.926b 0.0099 0.00854 D 35-40  0.442 0.468 0.0092 0.14185 D 1-40  2.483a 2.618b 0.0172 0.01146 Average feed intake (AFI) (kg/bird/period) D 1-10  0.302 0.300 0.0054 0.75201 D  10-25  1.329 1.347 0.0080 0.20659 D 25-35  1.514 1.574 0.0134 0.05025 D 35-40  0.899a 0.951b 0.0096 0.03113 D 1-40  4.044 4.172 0.0285 0.05005 FCR D 1-10  1.109 1.082 0.0076 0.08711 D  10-25  1.443 1.444 0.0139 0.95782 D 25-35  1.823a 1.713b 0.0172 0.02028 D 35-40  1.894 1.821 0.0513 0.96709 D 1-40  1.636a 1.603b 0.0046 0.01409 EPEF D 1-40  371a 390b 3.3708 0.02686 a,b same row values with no common superscript differ significantly (p<0.05) SEM= standard error of the mean  

The effect of a natural carbohydrate fraction on broiler performance

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The effect of a natural carbohydrate fraction on broiler performance

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