It is investigated piezoelectric actuator, consisting of two flat converters of longitudinal fluctuations which ends are close by the hence – « a shaking beam ». Also is resulted the principle of work actuator in quality stator of the motor, and also as the ultrasonic concentrator of fluctuations. Additionally is made research of it actuator with the help of programs computer modeling. And is carried out optimization of the sizes driver hence actuator.      Theoretical researches are confirmed experimentally, with the help of the precision laser equipmen

Bareikis, R.

Rotmanas, A.

Tiškevicius, J.

Vasiljev, P.

Vasiljeva, L.

Maintenance, Reliability and Condition Monitoring

 © VIBROMECHANIKA.  JOURNAL OF  VIBROENGINEERING.  2008 JANUARY/MARCH,   VOLUME  10,  ISSUE  1,  ISSN 1392-8716  128 347. A flat compound piezoelectric actuator of a type “a shaking beam”   P. Vasiljev1, R.  Bareikis2, L. Vasiljeva3, J. Tiškevičius4, A. Rotmanas5  Vilnius Pedagogical University Studentų 39, LT-08106 Vilnius, Lithuania Phone: +370 5 2750992 E-mail: 1vasiljev@vpu.lt, 2bare@vpu.lt, 3 vasiljev@cablenet.lt, 4tdk@vpu.lt, 5alrotman@vpu.lt   (Received 19 February 2008; accepted 20 March 2008)          Abstract. It is investigated piezoelectric actuator, consisting of two flat converters of longitudinal fluctuations which ends are close by the hence – « a shaking beam ». Also is resulted the principle of work actuator in quality stator of the motor, and also as the ultrasonic concentrator of fluctuations. Additionally is made research of it actuator with the help of programs computer modeling. And is carried out optimization of the sizes driver hence actuator.      Theoretical researches are confirmed experimentally, with the help of the precision laser equipment.  Keywords: piezomotor, “shaking beam”, actuator, FEM   Introduction  After the publication of work «Actuator of type “Shaking beam”» [1] (Fig.1) has appeared a number of researches on creation actuators, not only for moving a body to one, linear or rotary direction [2,3], but also in two [4] or even three directions [5]. There is moving a body to planes or rotation of a sphere in three directions. In all mentioned variants for excitation actuator are used fluctuations of columns piezoelements in a direction of their polarization d33. A source of electric fluctuations is one or several harmonious fluctuations of one resonant frequency with shift of a phase on ±90o or ±270o.  In works [6, 7] are resulted researches of linear motors with use d31 – actuator such as “a shaking beam”. However the detailed analysis such actuator is not present till now.  Aktuator for the linear motor with use "d31" fluctuations.   Actuator (Fig.2) it is constructed on the basis of a flat symmetric two-side frame. Both sides of the basis form shoulders – resonators (1) longitudinal fluctuations, which end faces by means of Т- figurative slit (2) pass in a cross-section beam (3) – “a shaking beam”. The middle of a Fig. 1. Linear piezomotor on base of “Shaking beam” actuator    4      3     2  Fig. 2. General view actuator and it FEM model 15 mm 5 mm 10 mm z y x  347. A FLAT COMPOUND PIEZOELECTRIC ACTUATOR OF A TYPE “A SHAKING BEAM”.  P. VASILJEV1, R.  BAREIKIS2, L. VASILJEVA3, J. TIŠKEVIČIUS4, A. ROTMANAS5   © VIBROMECHANIKA.  JOURNAL OF  VIBROENGINEERING.  2008 JANUARY/MARCH,   VOLUME  10,  ISSUE  1,  ISSN 1392-8716  129 shaking beam is executed with a lookout which is a drive element (4). Each resonator contains the flat piezoelectric plates polarized on thickness. Piezoplates are pasted on the basis so that at transformation fluctuations were excited d31 fluctuations and were absent flexural fluctuations.  In the present work it is investigated actuator in quality stator piezoelectric motor. This mode of fluctuations is supply on electrodes piezoplates opposite shoulders sin and cos – electric fluctuations. In this case [1] drive element forms an elliptic trajectory of movement. It was researched actuator, made of phosphorits bronze the type БРОФ, with the sizes shown 10x15x5mm. The piezoelectric plates material - PI 181.  FEM Modeling and Analysis  It is natural to suppose about availability of optimum connection of the resonant length shoulders actuator (longitudinal fluctuations) with the cross-section size of "a shaking beam” (flexural fluctuations). For this purpose it is carried out FEM – the analysis of fluctuations actuator at different width horizontal "T" - a figurative slit. On electrodes piezoplates are supplied the sine wave voltage of various amplitude. The criterion of an estimation actuator chooses the factor strengthening of amplitudes fluctuations.     where ξ1 - amplitude of fluctuations  a drive element (4) beams, ξ2 - amplitude of fluctuations  shoulders actuator. On Table 1 is shown dependence of the strengthening factor actuator and values of its resonant frequency from width of a slip "b".  Resonant frequency 107 kHz is sin form to optimum cross-section section of a beam (b=1mm) at which the amplitude fluctuations of the middle of a beam is maximal (k=9.46).     On Fig. 3 amplitude frequency dependence actuator is shown at optimum cross-section section of a beam.           Fig. 4 is testifying to about manifestation of the resonant properties beam, as resonator flexural fluctuations.  For actuator with an optimum relation of length its shoulders, cross-section section of a beam and frequency and has been carried out calculation of elliptic trajectories drive element beam. This mode fluctuation is carried out at submission on electrodes piezoplates opposite shoulders – sin and cos – electric fluctuations. The analysis shows, that the form elliptic trajectories a little differs with change of the electric voltage (sin, cos), supplied on electrodes piezoelements shoulders actuator. Only amplitudes in directions x and z obviously are change. On Fig. 5 are shown the elliptic trajectories fluctuations of the middle and the ends of "a shaking beam” at two values of an electric voltage (a - 20V, b - 150V).  Experimental Results          The experimental research was carried out in order to find distribution of oscillations amplitudes on the stator surfaces and trajectories of drive points. The experimental investigation must also sustain theoretical prerequisites on oscillations of the FEM model and the stator. Amplitude – frequency characteristics were determined using the impedance analyzer 4192A LF (Hewlett Packard). Surface oscillations of drive points and surfaces were controlled B, mm 0,25 0,5 0,75 1,0 1,25 1,5 1,75 K 3,1 3,6 6,8 9,5 7,1 0,5 0,2 F, KHz 119 116 113 107 98 170 155 Table 1 Fig. 4. Kind of optimum displacement of a beam. .         Fig. 3.  Amplitude-frequency dependence actuator: 4- fluctuation drive element; 1-fluctuation shoulders. -0,500,511,522,5383 86 89 92 95 98 101104107110113116119122125128131134137ξ, 10-7m                                               f, KHz 4  1  347. A FLAT COMPOUND PIEZOELECTRIC ACTUATOR OF A TYPE “A SHAKING BEAM”.  P. VASILJEV1, R.  BAREIKIS2, L. VASILJEVA3, J. TIŠKEVIČIUS4, A. ROTMANAS5   © VIBROMECHANIKA.  JOURNAL OF  VIBROENGINEERING.  2008 JANUARY/MARCH,   VOLUME  10,  ISSUE  1,  ISSN 1392-8716  130 using Doppler-laser (POLYTEC CLV 3D). Characteristic of the drive points of the stator surface oscillations was measured using Doppler-laser vibrometer.        On Fig.6 are shown experimentally established trajectories of movement drive element actuator (stator piezomotor) and its shoulders in planes x-z. Results show satisfactory concurrence of experiment to the theory. The closed trajectory movement drive element is more stretched in a direction “x”, and, it is more, than the electric voltage is higher. On the ends of shoulders actuator also it is formed elliptic trajectories of movement.   Let's notice, that in some areas of technique it is necessary actuator with oscillatory – translational motion of its working surface. For example, it needs for scanning a beam laser, or for ultrasonic micro welding. Realization of such mode is reduced to submission on both shoulders actuator a sine wave voltage with shift of a phase on 180o. On Fig.7 are shown experimentally established trajectories of movement drive element above mentioned actuator. It is visible, that the trajectory of movement drive element is close to a line.  Conclusion   It is created flat actuator such as “a shaking beam” with use of longitudinal fluctuations in a direction d31. The carried out researches show opportunities of its application not only in quality piezomotor stator, but also in quality oscillator for scanning a laser beam or for ultrasonic micro welding.  References   [1] Vasiljev P. Actuator of type “a shaking beam. Actuator 2002. Conference proceedings, Bremen, Germany, 2002, p. 493-496.  [2] Borodin S., Kim J.-D., Kim H.-J., Vasiljev P., Yoon S.-J. Nano-Positioning System  Using Linear Ultrasonic Motor with “Shaking Beam”. Journal of Electroceramics, 12, 2004, p.169-173.  [3] Lee D.-K., Han D.-Y., Borodinas S., Vasiljev P., Yoon S.-J. Compound Linear Ultrasonic Motor Based on Shaking Beam./  Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, Vol.43, No.4A, 2004, p. 1454-1457. [4] Vasiljev P., Borodinas S., Yoon S.-J., Mažeika D., Kulvietis G. The actuator for micro moving of a body in a plane.  Materials Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 91, 1(2005), p. 237-242. [5] Hemsel T., Mracek M., Wallaschek J., Vasiljev P. A novel approach  for high power ultrasonic linear motors. 2004 IEEE International Ultrasonics, Feroelectrics,and Frequency Control Joint 50th Anniversary Conference, p. 1161-1164 [6] Hemsel T., Mracek M., Vasiljev P., Wallaschek J. Self configuration of a novel miniature ultrasonic linear motor. Collection of Papers from the 1st International Conference: Mechatronic Systems and Materials MSM 2005, Vilnius, Lithuania, 2006, Solid State Phenomena. Vol. 113, p. 173-178.  Fig. 5. The elliptic trajectories fluctuations of “a shaking beam” at electric voltage: a - 20V; b - 150V -3-2-10123-0,6 -0,4 -0,2 0 0,2 0,4 0,6Ax, 10-7 mAz, 10-7  m 4  1 -20-15-10-505101520-4 -2 0 2 4Ax, 10-7 mAz, 10-7  m4  1 a) b) Fig.6. Trajectories of movement characteristic actuator-stator of piezomotor  4-20V 4-40V        1-20V Fig. 7. Trajectories of movement characteristic the typical point’s actuator in quality oscillator        1-20V 4-20V 4-40V 

A flat compound piezoelectric actuator of a type “a shaking beam”

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A flat compound piezoelectric actuator of a type “a shaking beam”

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Maintenance, Reliability and Condition Monitoring