Introduction: The mental foramen is a significant anatomical landmark through which the mental nerve passes. The mental nerve is a branch of the inferior alveolar nerve that innervates the buccal vestibule anterior to the first mandibular molar, the lower lip, and the gums. There is evidence that race affects the location of the mental foramen. Thus, the purpose of this study was to collect data regarding the position and other relevant parameters of the mental foramen in the mandibles of the Libyan people.Material and method: Cone beam computer tomography (CBCT) scans of 106 Libyan patients who attended the dental office (49 of them were men and 57 were women). Two calibrated examiners analyzed each scan. All the data underwent statistical analysis and results were obtained.Results: Mental foramen was present bilaterally in all patients. The most common position of MF in our study was P3 (52.8%) 'below the 2nd premolar'. The next common position was P2 i.e., between the premolars (24.5%). The mean vertical diameters were 3.15±0.78 mm on the right and 3.46±0.86 mm on the left sides whereas the mean horizontal diameters were 3.45±1.08 mm and 3.85±1.27 mm on the right and left sides respectively. The average distance between MF and the alveolar margin of the mandible (Distance A) was 13.77 ± 2.42 mm on the right side and 13.57 ± 2.21 mm on the left side, with males slightly higher than females. While the distance between the MF and the lower border of the mandible (Distance B) was 12.63 ± 1.72 mm on the right side and 12.23 ± 1.68 mm on the left side, with males exhibiting a greater distance than females.Conclusion: Understanding the morphometry of MF is very important. Therefore, our research may offer essential information about MF in the Libyan population, which may be helpful to anesthetists, neurosurgeons, and dental surgeons performing nerve blocks and surgical procedures such as periodontal, implant placement, or apical curettage of mandibular premolars.Keywords: Mental foramen, Vertical diameter, Horizontal diameter, Mental nerve.Abbreviation: MF (mental foramen); CBCT (cone-beam computed tomography); VD (vertical diameter); HD (horizontal diameter); SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences)
